IMPACT OF PREOPERATIVE EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS ON ANXIETY AND PAIN OUTCOMES IN CESAREAN SECTION PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Cesarean section, Anxiety, Pain Management, Educational Interventions, Pre-operative Care
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and pain are significant concerns for women undergoing cesarean sections. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the impact of educational interventions on reducing pre-operative anxiety and postoperative pain among cesarean section patients.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the OPD Department of Gynaecology & Obstetric, Varun Arjun Medical and Rohilkhand Hospital, involving 90 women scheduled for cesarean sections. Participants were divided into a Group-I (n=45), receiving standard care, and an Group-II (n=45), participating in four educational sessions about the cesarean process and operating room environment. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and pain intensity was measured post-cesarean using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Results: Group-II subjects reported significantly reduced anxiety post-education (p<0.01), with HAM-A scores decreasing from 17.7 ± 3.2 to 13.6 ± 2.6. Similarly, post-cesarean VAS pain scores were significantly lower in Group-II at 4.8 ± 1.0 compared to Group-I at 6.4 ± 1.4 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study indicates that educational interventions can effectively reduce anxiety and pain in women undergoing cesarean sections. This suggests incorporating educational programs into pre-operative care may enhance patient experience and recovery outcomes. However, limitations such as the small sample size and the study's single-centre nature necessitate further research for more generalized conclusions.
References
2. Carvalho B, Cohen SE, Lipman SS, et al. The nonlaboring parturient. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(4):745-755.
3. Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Crowther CA. Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD009514.
4. Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Birth. New York, NY: Childbirth Connection; 2013.
5. Kain ZN, Mayes LC, O'Connor TZ, Cicchetti DV. Pre-operative anxiety in children. Predictors and outcomes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(12):1238-1245.
6. Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1959;32(1):50-55.
7. Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale (VAS)for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care & Research. 2011;63(S11):S240-S252.
8. Walker EMK, Bell M, Cook TM, Grocott MPW, Moonesinghe SR. Patient education and engagement in postoperative care pathways. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(5):638-646.
9. Johansson K, Nuutila L, Virtanen H, Katajisto J, Salanterä S. Pre-operative education for orthopaedic patients: Systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2005;50(2):212-223.
10. C. Ramesh, Baby S. Nayak, Vasudev Baburaya Pai, Nitin T. Patil, Anice George, Linu Sara George, Elsa Sanatombi Devi. Effect of Preoperative Education on Postoperative Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 32(6), 518-529.e2, 2017. ISSN 1089-9472. DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.11.011.
11. Kiyohara LY, Kayano LK, Oliveira LM, Yamamoto MU, Inagaki MM, Ogawa NY, Gonzales PE, Mandelbaum R, Okubo ST, Watanuki T, Vieira JE. Surgery information reduces anxiety in the pre-operative period. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2004 Apr;59(2):51-6. doi: 10.1590/s0041-87812004000200001. Epub 2004 Apr 26.
12. Burgess LC, Arundel J, Wainwright TW. The Effect of Preoperative Education on Psychological, Clinical and Economic Outcomes in Elective Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2019 Mar 21;7(1):48. doi: 10.3390/healthcare7010048.
13. Sjöling M, Nordahl G, Olofsson N, Asplund K. The impact of preoperative information on state anxiety, postoperative pain, and satisfaction with pain management. Patient Education and Counseling. 2003 Oct;51(2):169-76. DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00191-x00191-x)
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Saurabh Mishra
Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Varun Arjun Medical College and Rohilkhand Hospital
Dr. Indu Yadav
Assistant Professor, Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Varun Arjun Medical College & Rohilkhand Hospital