ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF FICUS CARICA FRUIT AGAINST FOLLICULITIS AND DERMATITIS BACTERIA AND TOXICITY STUDY IN RATS MODEL
Main Article Content
Keywords
Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, Herbal Medicine, Ficus carica, Antibacterial Potential
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the antibacterial activity of Ficus carica fruit against bacteria isolated from dermatitis and folliculitis. Thus the alarming situation of antibacterial resistance can be battled by using secondary metabolites of plants. Ficus carica fruit was collected, identified and authenticated. After washing, drying and grinding, extracts were made in solvents like ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and acetone. Samples were collected from dermatitis and folliculitis patients, proceeded for characterization and bacterial isolation. The isolates were subjected to extracts by disk diffusion and well diffusion method to analyze ZoI, MIC and MBC. The maximum extract yield was obtained from methanol. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated. FCFM showed 15 to 16mm ZoI while FCFA and FCFE were observed with 11mm. FCFM was found safe while performing in vitro study on rats. FCFM was found to be the rich source of secondary metabolites and also proven to be the great source of drug for antimicrobial resistant bacteria. It could be used in therapeutic skin formulations to treat skin infections.
References
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28. Jeong WS, Lachance PA. Phytosterols and Fatty Acids in Fig (Ficus carica, var. Mission) fruit and tree components. J Food Sci. 2001;66(2):278-281. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11332.x
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2. Salmerón-Manzano E, Garrido-Cardenas JA, Manzano-Agugliaro F. Worldwide research trends on medicinal plants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3376. doi:10.3390/ijerph17103376
3. Fitzgerald M, Heinrich M, Booker A. Medicinal plant analysis: A historical and regional discussion of emergent complex techniques. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1480. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01480
4. Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms 2021;9(10):2041. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102041
5. Fazly Bazzaz BS, Khameneh B, Zahedian Ostad MR, Hosseinzadeh H. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of verbascoside, Lemon verbena extract and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018;8(3):246-253.
6. Ruddaraju LK, Pammi SVN, Guntuku GS, Padavala VS, Kolapalli VRM. A review on anti-bacterials to combat resistance: From ancient era of plants and metals to present and future perspectives of green nano technological combinations. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2020;15(1):42-59. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2019.03.002
7. Martínez-Macias KJ, Márquez-Guerrero SY, Martínez-Sifuentes AR, Segura-Castruita MÁ. Habitat suitability of fig (ficus carica L.) in Mexico under current and future climates. Agriculture. 2022;12(11):1816. doi:10.3390/agriculture12111816
8. Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH, Mahajan RT. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus carica: A review. Pharm Biol. 2014;52(11):1487-1503. doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.892515
9. Hajam TA, Saleem. Phytochemistry, biological activities, industrial and traditional uses of fig (Ficus carica): A review. Chem Biol Interact. 2022;368(110237):110237. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110237
10. Soni N, Mehta S, Satpathy G, Gupta RK. Estimation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of dried fig (Ficus carica). J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2014;3(2):158-165. Accessed September 12, 2023
11. Felhi S, Daoud A, Hajlaoui H, Mnafgui K, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Solvent extraction effects on phytochemical constituent’s profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and functional group analysis of Ecballium elaterium seeds and peels fruits. Food Sci Technol. 2017;37(3):483-492. doi:10.1590/1678-457x.23516
12. De Zoysa MHN, Rathnayake H, Hewawasam RP, Gaya Bandara Wijayaratne WMD. Determination of in vitro antimicrobial activity of five Sri Lankan medicinal plants against selected human pathogenic bacteria. Int J Microbiol. 2019;2019:1-8. doi:10.1155/2019/7431439
13. Ogai K, Nagase S, Mukai K, et al. Corrigendum: A comparison of techniques for collecting skin microbiome samples: Swabbing versus tape-stripping. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2812. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02812
14. Khayyira AS, Rosdina AE, Irianti MI, Malik A. Simultaneous profiling and cultivation of the skin microbiome of healthy young adult skin for the development of therapeutic agents. Heliyon. 2020;6(4):e03700. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03700
15. Adamczak A, Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Activity of Some Flavonoids and Organic Acids Widely Distributed in Plants. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(1):109
16. Benmaghnia S, Meddah B, Tir-Touil A, Antonio GABALDÓN HERNÁNDEZ J. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three samples of dried figs (Ficus carica l.) from the region of mascara. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci. 2019;9(2):208-215. doi:10.15414/jmbfs.2019.9.2.208-215
17. Mishra MP, Rath S, Swain SS, Ghosh G, Das D, Padhy RN. In vitro antibacterial activity of crude extracts of 9 selected medicinal plants against UTI causing MDR bacteria. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2017;29(1):84-95. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2015.05.007
18. Wasihun AG, Kasa BG. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of honey against multidrug resistant bacteria in Ayder Referral and Teaching Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):842. doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2493-x
19. Verma AK, Singh S. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro cytostatic potential of ethnopharmacological important medicinal plants. Toxicol Rep. 2020;7:443-452. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.016
20. Dąbrowski Ł. Evaluation of a simplified method for GC/MS qualitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic pesticides using PARADISe computer program. Molecules. 2020;25(16):3727. doi:10.3390/molecules25163727
21. Ivanov I, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Petkova N, Denev P, Pavlov A. GC-MS analysis of unpolar fraction from Ficus carica L.(fig) leaves. International Food Research Journal. 2018;(1).
22. Wattoo JI, Munawar S, Afzal M, Farooq A, Saleem MA. Biological activity and characterization of bioactive compounds under lead induced stress in maize. Als-journal.com. Accessed September 30, 2023.
23. Nassan MA, Mohamed EH, Abdelhafez S, Ismail TA. Effect of clove and cinnamon extracts on experimental model of acute hematogenous pyelonephritis in albino rats: Immunopathological and antimicrobial study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015;28(1):60-68. doi:10.1177/0394632015572075
24. National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT). National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology.
25. Zeiger E. Summary of the OECD’s new guidance document on the recognition, assessment, and use of clinical signs as humane endpoints for experimental animals used in safety evaluation. In: Alternative Toxicological Methods. Informa Healthcare; 2003.
26. Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. Organization for Economic Cooperation Development. 1998;(408).
27. Bonam SR, Manoharan SK, Pandy V, et al. Phytochemical, in vitro Antioxidant and in vivo safety evaluation of leaf extracts of Tragia plukenetii. Pharmacogn J. 2019;11(2):338-345. doi:10.5530/pj.2019.11.50
28. Jeong WS, Lachance PA. Phytosterols and Fatty Acids in Fig (Ficus carica, var. Mission) fruit and tree components. J Food Sci. 2001;66(2):278-281. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11332.x
29. Mawa S, Husain K, Jantan I. ficus caricaL. (Moraceae): Phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:1-8. doi:10.1155/2013/974256
30. Oliveira AP, Valentão P, Pereira JA, Silva BM, Tavares F, Andrade PB. Ficus carica L.: Metabolic and biological screening. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(11):2841-2846. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.004
31. Liu F, Yang Z, Zheng XM, Luo S, Zhang K, Li G. Nematicidal coumarin from Ficus carica L. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 2011;14(1):79-81.
32. Oliveira AP, Silva LR, Guedes de Pinho P, et al. Volatile profiling of Ficus carica varieties by HS-SPME and GC–IT-MS. Food Chem. 2010;123(2):548-557. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.064
33. Ghanbari A, Le Gresley A, Naughton D, Kuhnert N, Sirbu D, Ashrafi GH. Biological activities of Ficus carica latex for potential therapeutics in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related cervical cancers. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-11. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37665-6
34. Ergül M, Ergül M, Eruygur N, Ataş M, Uçar E. in vitro evaluation of the chemical composition and various biological activities of Ficus carica leaf extracts. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2019;16(4):401-409. doi:10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.70037
35. Logaranjan K, Pandian SDAK. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fruit extract of Ficus carica and study its antimicrobial activity. Nano Biomed Eng. 2012;4(4). doi:10.5101/nbe.v4i4.p177-182
36. Veberic R, Colaric M, Stampar F. Phenolic acids and flavonoids of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) in the northern Mediterranean region. Food Chem. 2008;106(1):153-157. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.061
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Mar 15, 2024
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Shahlla Umbreen, & Farheen Ansari. (2024). ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF FICUS CARICA FRUIT AGAINST FOLLICULITIS AND DERMATITIS BACTERIA AND TOXICITY STUDY IN RATS MODEL. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 840–850. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5033
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Author Biographies
Shahlla Umbreen
Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology,The University Of Lahore, Pakistan
Farheen Ansari
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan