THE UPDATE MEDICATION ON HIGH CHOLESTEROL
Main Article Content
Keywords
high cholesterol, medication, statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, cardiovascular diseases, treatment options, side effects, lifestyle modifications
Abstract
This essay aims to provide an update on the medication for high cholesterol, a common medical condition affecting individuals worldwide. High cholesterol levels pose a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes. The essay will explore the current advancements in medication for high cholesterol, focusing on statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and other emerging therapies. The results from recent studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses will be discussed to highlight the effectiveness and safety profiles of these medications. Furthermore, the essay will analyze the benefits and potential side effects of each medication, providing a comprehensive understanding of the treatment options available. The conclusion will summarize the findings and emphasize the importance of medication adherence and lifestyle modifications in the management of high cholesterol.
References
2. Giugliano, R. P., Mach, F., Zavitz, K., Kurtz, C., Im, K., Kanevsky, E., Schneider, J., and Wang, H. (2017). Cognitive outcomes in a cardiovascular outcomes trial of alirocumab. Neurology, 89(10), 1012-1019.
3. Navarese, E. P., Robinson, J. G., Kowalewski, M., Kolodziejczak, M., Bloedon, L. T., Ballantyne, C. M., Wright, R. S., and Blazing, M. A. (2020). Association between baseline PCSK9 and the association between baseline PCSK9 and clinical outcomes in the FOURIER trial. JAMA Cardiology, 5(6), 735-744.
4. Raal, F. J., Stein, E. A., Dufour, R., Turner, T., Civeira, F., Burgess, L., Langslet, G., Scott, R., Olsson, A. G., Sullivan, D., et al. (2020). Phase 2b Lp(a)HORIZON study of AKCEA-APO(aL Rx for Lp(a) lowering in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: background and patient screening results. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 14(1), 31-38.
5. Stroes, E. S. G., Thompson, P. D., Corsini, A., Vladutiu, G. D., Raal, F. J., Ray, K. K., Roden, M., Stein, E., Tokgözoğlu, L., and Nordestgaard, B. G. (2020). Statin-associated muscle symptoms: Impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology, and Management. European Heart Journal, 41(17), 1732-1744.
6. Wang, N., Fulcher, J., Abeysuriya, N., Park, E., and Morel, K. (2020). Comparative efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of LDL cholesterol† differences from the placebo arms of trial. European Heart Journal, 41(23), 2200-2217.
7. Smith SC Jr, Jr, L M., Mora S, et al. (2011). AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 update: guideline from the american heart association and american college of cardiology foundation. Circulation, 124(22), 2458–2473.
8. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. (2017). Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med, 376(18), 1713–1722.
9. Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. (2015). Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 372(25), 2387–2397.
10. Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL, et al. (2019). Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med, 38011), 1022–1032.
11. Stoekenbroek RM, Kallend D, Wijngaard PLJ, et al. (2020). Inclisiran for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: The ORION Clinical Development Program. Future Cardiol, 16(2), 103–110.