SPECTRUM OF SUPERFICIAL DERMATOPHYTOSIS AMONG CHILDREN-A CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
dermatophytosis, pediatric patients, superficial fungal infection, topical steroids, epidemiological study, India, fungal species, clinical patterns, antifungal treatment
Abstract
Skin conditions are a common concern for children. There is a correlation between the absence of sufficient cleanliness in children's settings and their lack of attention to personal hygiene, which renders them more susceptible to dermatophytic disorders. In this clinico-epidemiological study conducted in Northern India between January 2023 and December 2024 focused on superficial dermatophytosis among pediatric patients. The research included 235 children, revealing key findings such as the prevalence of dermatophytosis among different age groups, common affected body sites, fungal species involved, and the extensive use of topical steroids. It also highlighted the association between prolonged steroid use and the severity of the disease. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of dermatophytosis in children and the need for regulatory measures to control the misuse of topical steroids.
References
2. Adefemi SA, Odeigah LO, Alabi KM. Prevalence of dermatophytosis among primary school children in Oke‑Oyi community of Kwara state. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:23‑8.
3. Enweani IB, Ozan CC, Agbonlahor DE, Ndip RN. Dermatophytosis in schoolchildren in Ekpoma, Nigeria. Mycoses 1996;39:303‑5.
4. Bhatia VK, Sharma PC. Epidemiological studies on dermatophytosis in human patients in Himachal Pradesh, India. Springerplus 2014;3:134.
5. Hainer BL. Dermatophyte infections. Am Fam Physician 2003;67:101‑8.
6. Giretzlehner M, Dirnberger J, Owen R, Haller HL, Lumenta DB, Kamolz LP, et al. The determination of total burn surface area: How much difference? Burns 2013;39:1107‑13.
7. Pakshir K, Bahaedinie L, Rezaei Z, Sodaifi M, Zomorodian K. In vitro activity of six antifungal drugs against clinically important dermatophytes. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2009;2:158‑63.
8. Aly R. Ecology and epidemiology of dermatophytic infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:521‑5.
9. Weitzman I, Summerbell RC. The dermatophytes. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995;8:240‑59.
10. Al‑Rubiay KK, Al‑Rubiay LK. Dermatoepidemiology: A household survey among two urban areas in Basra city, Iraq. Int J Dermatol 2006;4:1‑4.
11. Doddamani PV, Harshan KH, Kanta RC, Gangane R, Sunil KB. Isolation, identification and prevalence of dermatophytes in tertiary care hospital in Gulbarga district. Peoples J Sci Res 2013;6:10‑3.
12. Mohammedamin RS, van der Wouden JC, Koning S, Schellevis FG, van Suijlekom‑Smit LW, Koes BW, et al. Reported incidence and treatment of dermatophytosis in children in general practice: A comparison between 1987 and 2001. Mycopathologia 2007;164:271‑8.
13. Fuller LC, Child FJ, Midgley G, Higgins EM. Diagnosis and management of scalp ringworm. BMJ 2003;326:539‑41.
14. Metintas S, Kiraz N, Arslantas D, Akgun Y, Kalyoncu C, Kiremitçi A, et al. Frequency and risk factors of dermatophytosis in students living in rural areas in Eskişehir, Turkey. Mycopathologia 2004;157:379‑82.
15. Ogunbiyi AO, Owoaje E, Ndahi A. Prevalence of skin disorders in school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Pediatr Dermatol 2005; 22:6‑10.
16. Reichert‑Pénétrat S, Contet‑Audonneau N, Barbaud A, Schurra JP, Fortier B, Schmutz JL, et al. Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in children living in Northeast France: A 5‑year study. Pediatr Dermatol 2002;19:103‑5.
17. Leibovici V, Evron R, Dunchin M, Strauss‑Leviatan N, Westerman M, Ingber A, et al. Population‑based epidemiologic study of tinea pedis in Israeli children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:851‑4.
18. Koussidou‑Eremondi T, Devliotou‑Panagiotidou D, Mourellou‑Tsatsou O, Minas A. Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996‑2000. Mycoses 2005; 48:11‑6.
19. Silveira‑Gomes F, de Oliveira EF, Nepomuceno LB, Pimentel RF, Marques‑da‑Silva SH, Mesquita‑da‑Costa M, et al. Dermatophytosis diagnosed at the Evandro chagas institute, Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2013;44:443‑6.
20. Kotian S, Venkatesh VN. Tinea Capitis: A ClinicoMycological Profile. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2016;5: MO01‑ MO05. DOI:10.7860/NJLM/2016/21542:2154.
21. Dash M, Panda M, Patro N, Mohapatra M. Sociodemographic profile and pattern of superficial dermatophytic infections among pediatric population in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Odisha. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol 2017;18:191‑5. DOI: 10.4103/2319‑7250.206047.
22. Mahajan S, Tilak R, Kaushal SK, Mishra RN, Pandey SS. Clinico‑mycological study of dermatophytic infections and their sensitivity to antifungal drugs in a tertiary care center. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017;83:436‑40.
23. Coulibaly O, Kone AK, Niaré‑Doumbo S, Goïta S, Gaudart J, Djimdé AA, et al. Dermatophytosis among schoolchildren in three eco‑climatic zones of mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016;10:e0004675.
24. Kaaman T. The clinical significance of cutaneous reactions to trichophytin in dermatophytosis. Acta Derm Venereol 1978;58:139‑43.
25. Panda S, Verma S. The menace of dermatophytosis in India: The evidence that we need. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017;83:281‑4.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Bharat Sukhija
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, UP
Nupur Shanker
Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, NCR Medical College, Meerut, UP
Avnish Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, ASMC, Firozabad, UP
Rahul Pengoria
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh.