ROLE OF SALIVARY MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-8 (MMP), TISSUE INHIBITOR OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (TIMP-1) AND ZINC (ZN+) LEVELS IN MILD, MODERATE & SEVERE PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Periodontitis, Matrix Metalloproteinase – 8(MMP8, Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase – 1 (TIMP-1). & Zn+.
Abstract
Periodontitis is disorder of periodontium characterized by inflammation around teeth. Imbalance between matrix metalloprotienase8, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 & Zn+ levels have an important part in periodontal destruction. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 individuals in 4 groups having 36 number in each group. Group I included mild periodontitis patients, group II include moderate & group III include severe periodontitis patients. Group IV included healthy controls. Saliva samples were taken. Samples were processed and stored for analysis of MMP-8, TIMP-1 & Zn+. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. Normality of data was checked and student t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Levels of MMP-8 were high in PD patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of TIMP-1 & Zn+ were markedly reduced in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. The correlation of MMP-8 with TIMP-1 & TIMP-1 with Zn+ has significant role in developing periodontitis.
References
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29. Pis Pérez, A. C. 2021. Saliva and Serum Biomarkers in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease.
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32. Sorsa, T., Alassiri, S., Grigoriadis, A., Räisänen, I. T., Pärnänen, P., Nwhator, S. O., Gieselmann, D.-R. & Sakellari, D. 2020. Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a grading and staging biomarker in the periodontitis classification. Diagnostics, 10, 61.
33. Stepaniuk, K. 2019. Periodontology. Wiggs's Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice, 81-108.
34. Takahashi, M., Fujikawa, K., Angammana, R. & Shibata, S. 2019. An in situ hybridization study of MMP-2,-9,-13,-14, TIMP-1, and-2 mRNA in fetal mouse mandibular condylar cartilage as compared with limb bud cartilage. Gene Expr. Patterns, 32, 1-11.
35. Takahashi, M., Saito, H., Higashimoto, M. & Hibi, T. 2007a. Possible inhibitory effect of oral zinc supplementation on hepatic fibrosis through downregulation of TIMP-1: A pilot study. Hepatol. Res., 37, 405-9.
36. Takahashi, M., Saito, H., Higashimoto, M. & Hibi, T. 2007b. Possible inhibitory effect of oral zinc supplementation on hepatic fibrosis through downregulation of TIMP‐1: a pilot study. Hepatol. Res., 37, 405-409.
37. Tanvir, I., Ehsanulhaq, M., Salahuddin, H., Hassan, A., Albeladi, F. I., Zulfiqar, A., Elaskary, S. A. & Elbasateeny, S. S. 2022. Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Pakistan J. Medical Health Sci., 16, 942-942.
38. Taru, S. C., Jawade, R. B., Baghele, O. N., Bhandari, V. D. & Ugale, G. M. 2017. Magnesium and zinc levels in individuals having generalized chronic periodontitis. Int. J. Clin. Dent., 9, 71.
39. Tonetti, M. S., Greenwell, H. & Kornman, K. S. 2018. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J. Periodontol., 89, S159-S172.
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41. Wang, X. & Khalil, R. A. 2018. Matrix metalloproteinases, vascular remodeling, and vascular disease. Adv. Pharmacol., 81, 241-330.
42. Zhang, L., Li, X., Yan, H. & Huang, L. 2018. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as a biomarker for periodontitis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 97.
2. Alotaibi, D. H., Altalhi, A. M., Sambawa, Z. M., Koppolu, P., Alsinaidi, A. A. & Krishnan, P. 2020. The association of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and periodontitis: an overview. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci, 12, S37.
3. Apon, A. & Kamble, P. 2019. Role of trace mineral in periodontal health: a review. CTDD, 4, 30.
4. Arpino, V., Brock, M. & Gill, S. E. 2015. The role of TIMPs in regulation of extracellular matrix proteolysis. Matrix Biol, 44, 247-254.
5. Balogun, A. O., Taiwo, J. O., Opeodu, O. I., Adeyemi, B. F. & Kolude, B. M. 2021. Impact of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Salivary Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinse-1 (TIMP-1) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Third World Experience. Open j. stomatol., 11, 197-207.
6. Beck, S. C., Wilding, T., Buka, R. J., Baretto, R. L., Huissoon, A. P. & Krishna, M. T. 2019. Biomarkers in human anaphylaxis: a critical appraisal of current evidence and perspectives. Front. immunol, 10, 494.
7. Borges, T. D. F., Regalo, S. C., Taba Jr, M., Siéssere, S., Mestriner Jr, W. & Semprini, M. 2013. Changes in masticatory performance and quality of life in individuals with chronic periodontitis. J. Periodontol., 84, 325-331.
8. Charzewski, Ł., Krzyśko, K. A. & Lesyng, B. 2021. Structural characterisation of inhibitory and non-inhibitory MMP-9–TIMP-1 complexes and implications for regulatory mechanisms of MMP-9. Sci. Rep., 11, 13376.
9. Checchi, V., Maravic, T., Bellini, P., Generali, L., Consolo, U., Breschi, L. & Mazzoni, A. 2020. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in periodontal disease. IJERPH, 17, 4923.
10. Costa, S. A., Nascimento, G. G., Colins, P. M. G., Alves, C. M. C., Thomaz, E. B. a. F., Carvalho Souza, S. D. F., Da Silva, A. a. M. & Ribeiro, C. C. C. 2022. Investigating oral and systemic pathways between unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns to periodontitis in adolescents: A population‐based study. J. Clin. Periodontol., 49, 580-590.
11. Darby, I. 2022. Risk factors for periodontitis & peri‐implantitis. Periodontology 2000, 90, 9-12.
12. De Brouwer, P., Bikker, F. J., Brand, H. S. & Kaman, W. E. 2022. Is TIMP‐1 a biomarker for periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J. Periodontal Res., 57, 235-245.
13. De Morais, E., Pinheiro, J., Leite, R., Santos, P., Barboza, C. & Freitas, R. 2018. Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels in periodontal disease patients: A systematic review. J. Periodontal Res, 53, 156-163.
14. Duangthip, D. & Chu, C. H. 2020. Challenges in oral hygiene and oral health policy. Frontiers Media SA.
15. Freitas, C., Castelo, P., Sousa, K., Alonso, G., Fonseca, F., Klein, M. & Barbosa, T. 2017. Educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment effect on salivary characteristics: A controlled clinical trial. "Oral Dis, 23, 1116-1126.
16. Graetz, C., Mann, L., Krois, J., Sälzer, S., Kahl, M., Springer, C. & Schwendicke, F. 2019. Comparison of periodontitis patients’ classification in the 2018 versus 1999 classification. J. Clin. Periodontol., 46, 908-917.
17. Gul, S. S., Abdulkareem, A. A., Sha, A. M. & Rawlinson, A. 2020. Diagnostic accuracy of oral fluids biomarker profile to determine the current and future status of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Diagnostics, 10, 838.
18. Ioannidou, E. 2017. The sex and gender intersection in chronic periodontitis. Front. Public Health, 5, 189.
19. Kasuma, N., Fitri, H., Fajrin, F. N., Ernesto, G., Juwita, D. R. & Octaricha, T. 2021. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Salivary MMP-8 Level in Male Wistar Rats with Experimental Periodontitis for a Better Dental Care. J. Int. Dent. Medical Res. 14, 977-981.
20. Khan, S., Khalid, T. & Awan, K. H. 2016. Chronic periodontitis and smoking Prevalence and dose-response relationship. Saudi Med. J.", 37, 889.
21. Khuda, F., Anuar, N. N. M., Baharin, B. & Nasruddin, N. S. 2021. A mini review on the associations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1,-8,-13 with periodontal disease. AIMS molecular science, 8.
22. Kritikou, K., Imre, M., Tanase, M., Vinereanu, A., Ripszky Totan, A., Spinu, T.-C., Miricescu, D., Stanescu-Spinu, I.-I., Bordea, M. & Greabu, M. 2022. Assessment of Mineralization, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Mechanisms in the Pulp of Primary Teeth. Appl. Sci., 12, 1554.
23. Long, Z. 2020. Computational analysis of the metal selectivity of matrix metalloproteinase 8. Plos one, 15, e0243321.
24. Marini, L., Tonetti, M. S., Nibali, L., Sforza, N. M., Landi, L., Cavalcanti, R., Rojas, M. A. & Pilloni, A. 2022. Implementation of a software application in staging and grading of periodontitis cases. Oral diseases.
25. Mohammed, H. A., Abdulkareem, A. A., Zardawi, F. M. & Gul, S. S. 2022. Determination of the accuracy of salivary biomarkers for periodontal diagnosis. Diagnostics, 12, 2485.
26. Naveenaa, N. & Malaiappan, S. 2022. Assessment of Salivary Micronutrient Levels in Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis. J. Coast. Life Med., 10, 572–579-572–579.
27. Nosrati, R., Kheirouri, S., Ghodsi, R. & Ojaghi, H. 2019. The effects of zinc treatment on matrix metalloproteinases: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 56, 107-115.
28. Palwankar, P., Tandon, S., Blaggana, V., Palwankar, D. & Sachdeva, A. 2021. Diabetes and periodontitis-a socioeconomic disease. J Evolution Med Dent Sci, 10, 2320-232.
29. Pis Pérez, A. C. 2021. Saliva and Serum Biomarkers in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease.
30. Ray, R. R. 2023. Periodontitis: An oral disease with severe consequences. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 195, 17-32.
31. Shi, Q., Zhang, B., Xing, H., Yang, S., Xu, J. & Liu, H. 2018. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suffer from worse periodontal health—evidence from a meta-analysis. Front. Physiol., 9, 33.
32. Sorsa, T., Alassiri, S., Grigoriadis, A., Räisänen, I. T., Pärnänen, P., Nwhator, S. O., Gieselmann, D.-R. & Sakellari, D. 2020. Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a grading and staging biomarker in the periodontitis classification. Diagnostics, 10, 61.
33. Stepaniuk, K. 2019. Periodontology. Wiggs's Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice, 81-108.
34. Takahashi, M., Fujikawa, K., Angammana, R. & Shibata, S. 2019. An in situ hybridization study of MMP-2,-9,-13,-14, TIMP-1, and-2 mRNA in fetal mouse mandibular condylar cartilage as compared with limb bud cartilage. Gene Expr. Patterns, 32, 1-11.
35. Takahashi, M., Saito, H., Higashimoto, M. & Hibi, T. 2007a. Possible inhibitory effect of oral zinc supplementation on hepatic fibrosis through downregulation of TIMP-1: A pilot study. Hepatol. Res., 37, 405-9.
36. Takahashi, M., Saito, H., Higashimoto, M. & Hibi, T. 2007b. Possible inhibitory effect of oral zinc supplementation on hepatic fibrosis through downregulation of TIMP‐1: a pilot study. Hepatol. Res., 37, 405-409.
37. Tanvir, I., Ehsanulhaq, M., Salahuddin, H., Hassan, A., Albeladi, F. I., Zulfiqar, A., Elaskary, S. A. & Elbasateeny, S. S. 2022. Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Pakistan J. Medical Health Sci., 16, 942-942.
38. Taru, S. C., Jawade, R. B., Baghele, O. N., Bhandari, V. D. & Ugale, G. M. 2017. Magnesium and zinc levels in individuals having generalized chronic periodontitis. Int. J. Clin. Dent., 9, 71.
39. Tonetti, M. S., Greenwell, H. & Kornman, K. S. 2018. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J. Periodontol., 89, S159-S172.
40. Van Ravensteijn, M. M., Timmerman, M. F., Brouwer, E. A. & Slot, D. E. 2022. The effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on active periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J. Clin. Periodontol., 49, 1024-1037.
41. Wang, X. & Khalil, R. A. 2018. Matrix metalloproteinases, vascular remodeling, and vascular disease. Adv. Pharmacol., 81, 241-330.
42. Zhang, L., Li, X., Yan, H. & Huang, L. 2018. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as a biomarker for periodontitis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 97.
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Feb 12, 2024
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Jamal Asad, Mansoor Ghani, Yusra Leghari, Sammiya Uraneb, & Farhat Bano. (2024). ROLE OF SALIVARY MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-8 (MMP), TISSUE INHIBITOR OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 (TIMP-1) AND ZINC (ZN+) LEVELS IN MILD, MODERATE & SEVERE PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 498–508. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i2.4396
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Author Biographies
Jamal Asad
M.Phil. Student at Biochemistry Department, University of Health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Mansoor Ghani
Assistant Professor at Biochemistry Department, University of Health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Yusra Leghari
M.Phil. Student at Biochemistry Department, University of Health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Sammiya Uraneb
M.Phil. Student at Biochemistry Department, University of Health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Farhat Bano
Associate Professor & Head of Biochemistry Department, University of Health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,