ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN THE PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Main Article Content
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease, Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Cockcroft-Gault equation, Echocardiographic profile, Cardiac dysfunction, Albumin excretion, Serum creatinine, Creatinine clearance, LV mass, IVSd (interventricular septal thickness in diastole), LVPWDd (left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole), LVIDd (left ventricular internal diameter in diastole), CKD stages, Echocardiography, LV function, LV dysfunction, Cardio renal syndrome
Abstract
Background:- Chronic kidney disease can be defined as the presence of kidney damage, manifested by abnormal albumin excretion or decreased kidney function, quantified by measured or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), that persists for more than three months. Although creatinine clearances can be calculated from the serum creatinine concentration by using either the Cockcroft-Gault equation. The need of this study, giving analysis of cardiac dysfunction and early management of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease.
METHODS:- we analysed a total of 122 patients and divide them into different staged of CKD according to their calculated eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault equation and kept 20 patients is in control group, which were evaluated from cardiac function by mean of echocardiography. Other parameters like weight, age, serum creatinine were used to calculate eGFR and IVSd, LVPWDd, LVIDd were used to calculate LV mass.
RESULTS:- Among patients of CKD 20.5% were females and 79.5% were males. The mean age group was 52.09 years. 8.2% patients were in CKD stage 1, 9.8% patients were in CKD stage II and stage III, 24.6% patients were in stage IV and 47.5% patients were in stage V. The mean creatinine clearance was 28.48. 30.3% patients with normal LV function, 22.1% with mild LV dysfunction, 24.6% patients with moderate LV dysfunction and 23.0% patients with severe LV dysfunction. The mean LV function was 43.39. In concern with LV mass 27.0% patients have severely abnormal LV mass, 23.0% have moderately abnormal LV mass, 19.7% have mildly abnormal LVmass and 30.3% patients with normal LV mass. The mean LV mass was 249.78 gms.
CONCLUSION: - In this study, we conclude that, patients having chronic kidney disease had significant cardiac dysfunction. Hence, LV mass increases with increase in stage of chronic kidney disease and LV dysfunction also increases with increase in staging of chronic kidney disease.
References
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4. Saunders WB. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. 2007;16(3):445-8
5. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, Levin A, Coresh J, Rossert J, Zeeuw DD, Hostetter TH, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney international. 2005 Jun 1;67 (6):2089-100.
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7. Herzog CA, Ma JZ, Collins AJ. Poor long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction among patients on long-term dialysis. New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 Sep 17;339(12):799-805.
8. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Stark PC, Amin MG, MacLeod B, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ. Kidney disease as a risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease and mortality1. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2004 Aug 1;44(2):198-206
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12. Schwarz U, Buzello M, Ritz E, Stein G, Raabe G, Wiest G, Mall G, Amann K. Morphology of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2000 Feb 1;15(2):218-23.
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14. Klassen PS, Lowrie EG, Reddan DN, DeLong ER, Coladonato JA, Szczech LA, Lazarus JM, Owen Jr WF. Association between pulse pressure and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Jama. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1548-55.
15. Goolsby MJ. National Kidney Foundation Guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2002 Jun;14(6):238-42.
16. Levin A, Foley RN. Cardiovascular disease in chronic renal insufficiency. American journal of kidney diseases. 2000 Dec 1;36(6):S24-30.
17. McClellan W, Aronoff SL, Bolton WK, Hood S, Lorber DL, Tang KL, Tse TF, Wasserman B, Leiserowitz M. The prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Current medical research and opinion. 2004 Sep 1;20(9):1501-10.
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19. Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, Goodman W, Martin K, Olgaard K, Ott S, Sprague S, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney international. 2006 Jun 1;69(11):1945-53.
20. Gal-Moscovici A, Sprague SM. Bone health in chronic kidney disease– mineral and bone disease. Advances in chronic kidney disease. 2007 Jan 1;14(1):27-36.
21. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN. 1998 Dec;9(12 Suppl):S16-23.
22. Muntner P, He J, Astor BC, Folsom AR, Coresh J. Traditional and nontraditional risk factors predict coronary heart disease in chronic kidney disease: results from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005 Feb 1;16(2):529-38.
23. Tonelli M, Keech A, Shepherd J, Sacks F, Tonkin A, Packard C, Pfeffer M, Simes J, Isles C, Furberg C, West M. Effect of pravastatin in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005 Dec 1;16(12):3748-54.
24. Levin A, Singer J, Thompson CR, Ross H, Lewis M. Prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy in the predialysis population: identifying opportunities for intervention. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 1996 Mar 1;27(3):347-54.
25. Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Fried LF, Odden MC, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Harris TB, Satterfield S, Cummings SR, Shlipak MG. Renal function and heart failure risk in older black and white individuals: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Archives of internal medicine. 2006 Jul 10;166(13):1396-402.
26. Kasiske BL. Hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal disease. American journal of kidney diseases. 1998 Nov 1;32(5):S142-56.
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Jan 20, 2024
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Dr. Anuj Bagga, & Dr. Kumar Jee Kaul. (2024). ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN THE PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), 1133–1151. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.4132
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Author Biographies
Dr. Anuj Bagga
Govt Doon Medical College and Hospital, Dehradun.
Dr. Kumar Jee Kaul
Govt Doon Medical College and Hospital, Dehradun