UROLITHIASIS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, AND STONE CHARACTERISTICS

Main Article Content

Awais khan
Zulfiqar Ali Abdul Sattar
Aamna Shah
Saman Batool
Hira Hassan
Sumbal Nosheen
Muhammad Nabeel

Keywords

Urolithiasis, ultrasonography, lith-size, crystals-stone, Tertiary care Hospitals, Peshawar

Abstract

Urolithiasis, a common condition in Pakistan, has seen a recent decline in prevalence due to improved living standards. Major causes include structural abnormalities and metabolic disorders. The study was conducted at Tertiary care Hospitals, Peshawar with 1450 participants from November 2022 to March 2023, revealed risk factors like Rice (72%), Carbonated Drinks (67%), Spinach (53%), Potato (92%), Pulses (82%), Smoking (43%), and Sweets (100%). Clinical symptoms included abdominal pain (81%), vomiting (53%), and urination pain (76%), blood in urine (83%), nausea (97%), fever (85%), polyuria (63%), pyuria (59%), hematuria (54%), and dehydration (23%). Blood group analysis showed B+ (45.3%) and O+ (32%) as most prevalent, with a strong correlation (rs = 0.96429, p = 0.00045) between blood group and urolithiasis. Stone composition included Ca. Oxalate (623), amorphous crystals (128), and Ca. Phosphate (521). Location-wise, 351 had Ureteral, 27 Renal-pelvic, 67 Calyx, and 78 Calyceal stones. Stone types included 359 Ca. Oxalate, 112 Uric Acid, 34 Cysteine, and 118 Ca. Phosphate. Sizes varied: 3mm (374 cases, Mean ± SD: 68.5±27.3), 4mm (187 cases, Mean ± SD: 46.7±12.4), 6mm (43 cases, Mean ± SD: 10.7±4.38), and 7mm (19 cases, Mean ± SD: 4.7±3.74). A randomized clinical trial is recommended for a precise evaluation of prophylactic interventions versus an anticipatory approach.

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