Aggressiveness Analysis of Erwinia carotovora Isolates and Screening of Selected Commercial Potato Cultivars against Soft Rot
Main Article Content
Keywords
cultivars, maceration, susceptible
Abstract
Being cash producing, potato crop has great importance in Pakistan. Soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora is one of the important bacterial diseases of potato. Due to damaging of potato crop by soft rot it was essential to study the pathogen and to find out the resistance sources. On the symptomatic basis diseased tubers samples were collected from different areas of Sialkot and Rawalpindi. For the confirmation of Ecc staining and biochemical tests were done. The results confirmed the presence of gram negative rod shaped bacteria with white cream circular colonies. A total of the ten isolates of Ecc were isolated and tested for their aggressiveness on ten healthy selected potato cultivars. The isolates Ecc 5 group was found to be the most aggressive which caused severe and sudden rottening of tubers. The isolates Ecc 8 group was found to be a moderately aggressive due to intermediate level of maceration in tubers. But isolates Ecc 1 group was found to be low aggressive which caused slight rottening of tubers. The total weight, numbers and diseased tubers obtained from entire production were also estimated. Out of ten potato cultivars Barna and SH-651 were found highly resistant. Rodeo was found highly susceptible with 13% maceration rated 4 on 0-7 rating scale, while, SH-692 and Aladin were found (MS) moderately susceptible rated 3 on rating scale.
References
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JAHAN, T., BEGUM, Z.A. and SULTANA, S. Effect of Neem oil on some pathogenic bacteria. Bangladesh J. Pharm. 2007. 2: 71-72.
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MAJEED, A., & MUHAMMAD, Z., An overview of the common bacterial diseases of potato in Pakistan, associated crop losses and control stratagems. Journal of Plant Pathology., 2020. 102(1), 3-10.
MAJEED, A., MUHAMMAD, Z., An overview of the bacterial diseases of potatoes in Pakistan associated crop losses and control strategies. J. Plant Pathology.2019. 102 (1) Doi: 10. 1007/s 42261-069-00362-y.aqfaggaaai
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NIELSON, W., Erwinia species in the lenticels of certified seed. Am. Potato J. 1978, 55:671-676.
NOURIAN, F.K., RAMASWAMY, N.S. Physical, physiological and chemical changes in potato as influenced by E. carotovora infection. J. Food Process. Preserv. S. 2002, 26(5): 339- 360.
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SCHAAD, N.W. Serological identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 1979. 17: 123-7.
SHAFIQUE, M., JAVED, N. RASHEED, A. and ARIF, M.J. Genetic response of some potato varieties against blackleg disease. Pak. J. Phytopath. 2010. 22(1): 16-19.
SHRESTHA, R., LEE, S.H. HUR, J.H. and LIM, C.K. The effects of temperature, pH, and bactericides on the growth of Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia amylovora. Plant. Pathol. J. 2005, 21: 127-131.
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SINGH, R. S. Plant Diseases. 6th Ed. Oxford and IBH, Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Dehli. 1991, 158-166.
SMADJA, B., LATOUR, X., TRIGUI, S., BURINI, J. F., CHEVALIER, S., & ORANGE, N. Thermo dependence of growth and enzymatic activities implicated in pathogenicity of two Erwinia carotovora subspecies (Pectobacterium spp.). Canadian Journal of Microbiology.2004, 50(1), 19-27.
STATSYUK, N. V., & KUZNETSOVA, M. A. Methods of laboratory assessment of potato cultivars for resistance to bacterial blackleg and tuber soft rot. Sel'skokhozyaĭstvennaya Biologiya. 2018, 53(1), 111-122.
TYNER, D.N., HACART, M.J. LENNARD, J.H. and GRAHAM, D.C. Periderm and lenticels characterization in relation to potato cultivars soil moisture and tuber maturity. Potato Res. 1997, 40(2), 181-190.
WRIGHT, P.J., TRIGGS, C.M. and BURGE, G.K. Control of bacterial soft rot of calla (zantdesdina spp.) by pathogen exclusion, elimination and removal. New Zealand J. crop and Horticul. Sci. 2005. 33: 117-123.
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AHMAD, I., SOMROO, M.H., IFTIKHAR, S. and ASLAM, M. Investigation on powdery scab of potato in Pakistan. CDRI-PSPDP, PARC. Islamabad. 1991, 1-2.
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ANONYMOUS, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Federal Bureau of Statistic Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017, (www.app.com.pk). S. P. date: 11-12-2017.
ANONYMOUS, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Federal Bureau of Statistic Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-18, (www.app.com.pk) BAIN, R.A., PEROMBLEM, M.C.M., TSROR, L. and NACHMIAS, A. Blackleg development and tuber yield in relation to number of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora on seed potatoes. Plant Pathol. 2004, 39:125-133.
BARNES, E. H., 2012. Atlas and manual of plant pathology. Springer Science & Business Media.
BATHILY, H., BABANA, A. H., & SAMAKÉ, F. Bacillus pumilus, a new pathogen on potato tubers in storage in Mali. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2010, 4(20), 2067-2071.
BEALS, K. A. Potatoes, nutrition and health. American Journal of Potato Research, 2019. 96(2), 102-110. http//ps://doi.org/101007/s 12230-018-09704
CIAMPI, L.R. and HUGUELET, L.E. Internal bacteria in healthy potato tubers. Fitopatologia. 1997, 14: 22-28.
CZAJKOWSKI, R., PEROMBELON, M.C.M. LOJKOWSKA, E. and SYLWIE, J. Detection identification and differentiation of pectobacterium and dickey species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot a overview. Annals of Applied Biology. 2015, 166 (1). 18-38.
DUARTE, V.D., BOER, S.H. WARD, L.J. and DeOLIVEIRA, A.M.R. Characterization of Erwinia carotvora strains causing blackleg of potato Brazile J. Appl. Microbiol.2004, 96(3), 535-545.
ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAKISTAN. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad.2018-2019.
El-GOORANI, M.A. and EL-KAZZAZ, M.A. Occurance of blackleg and dry rot of potato in Egypt through imported tubers. Plant Disease Reporter. 1975, 59(2), 171-174..
ELIAN, S.Y., RUSSELL, J.T. and .JOSEPH, A. Inhibitory effects of organic and inorganic salts on the growth of Erwinia carotovora a soft rot causative agent in potato tubers.2005, 13: 123-125.
ENGLYST, K.N., LIU, S. and ENGLYST, H.N. Nutritional characterization and measurement of dietary carbohydrates. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. Suppl. 2007, 61(1): 19-39.
FARAHAT, A.K., KHAN, A. KHATAK, M.R. and ZAHOOR, M. Collection, identification and preservation of Erwinia carotovora sub. spp. Carotovora from isolates of carrot. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.2011, 10(5): 744-747.
FARRAN, I., ANGEL, M. and CASTEL, M. Potato mini tuber production using aeroponics: Effect of plant density and harvesting intervals. J. Am. Potato Res. 2006. 83(1):47-53.
HADES, R., KRITZMAN, G. and T. MANULISS, T. Detection, quantification and characterization of subsp. carotovora contamination of pepper seeds. Plant Pathology. 2001, 50: 117-23.
HAFIZ, A. Plant diseases. 1st Ed. Directorate of Publication, PARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2003. 552.
HELIAS, V., LE ROUS, A.C. BERTHEAU, Y.D. ANDRIVON, D. GAUTHIER, J.P. and JOUAN, B. s Characterization of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in potato plant, soil and water extracts with PCR-based methods. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 1998, 104: 685-699.
HYMAN, L.J., TOTH, I.K. and PEROMBELON, M.C.M. Isolation and identification methods for the detection and quantatification of E. carotvora subsp atroseptica on Potatoes. Lab. Manual Invergowrie. Scottish Crop Res. Institute. 1998. 60-65.
ISTIQOMAH, J.C., and TOYIBAH, E.S. (2013). Biological control of potato soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora) using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, AISC Taiwan. 2013. ISSN: 2337-442.
JAHAN, T., BEGUM, Z.A. and SULTANA, S. Effect of Neem oil on some pathogenic bacteria. Bangladesh J. Pharm. 2007. 2: 71-72.
JONES, L.R. A soft rot of carrot and other vegetables caused by Bacillus carotovora.Jones Vt. Agric. Exp. Stat. Ann. Rept. 1901. 13: 299-332.
KAMALUDDIN, G. A study of fungal diseases of potato in East Pakistan with special reference to those occurs in storage. M.Sc. Thesis. Plant Pathol. Dept., East Pakistan Agric. Univ. Mymensingh. 1970. 6-13.
KHALID, S., IFTKHAR, S. MunirMUNIR, A. and AHMAD, I. Potato Diseases in Pakistan. NARC, Islamabad. 2000. 165.
KHAN, S.M., CHOHAN, R.A. and KHAN, M,A. Plant Pathology Lab. Manual. Pakistan Phyto. Path. Society. Deptt. Plant Pathol. Univ. of Agri., Faisalabad. 1999.5-6.
LELLIOT, R.A. and STEAD, D.E. Methods for the diagnosis of the bacterial diseases of plants ( Methods in plant pathology.2 :Blackwell Scientific Publication Oxford, UK. 1987. 623.
LEWOS, Z.J., FREIGOUNS, M. RUDOLPH, K. and SWINGS, J.D. Polygalacturonase deficient strain of Erwinia carotovora ssp. Atroseptica has attenuated virulenece. Plant pathogenic Bacteria, Les Colloques del. INRA 66.Paris France; INRA Edititions 1992. 585-9.
LOJKOWSKA, E., and KELMAN, A. Comparison of the effectiveness of different methods of screening for bacterial soft rot resistance of potato tubers. Am. Potato J. 1994. 71: 99-113.
MAIRAJ, M. Z., Screening of potato germplasm against Erwinia carotovora subsp. Atroseptica (blackleg disease) and evaluation of fungicides for the control of pathogen under laboratory conditions. M.Sc. (Hons.) Thesis, Univ.of Agric Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2004. 1-82.
MAJEED, A., & MUHAMMAD, Z., An overview of the common bacterial diseases of potato in Pakistan, associated crop losses and control stratagems. Journal of Plant Pathology., 2020. 102(1), 3-10.
MAJEED, A., MUHAMMAD, Z., An overview of the bacterial diseases of potatoes in Pakistan associated crop losses and control strategies. J. Plant Pathology.2019. 102 (1) Doi: 10. 1007/s 42261-069-00362-y.aqfaggaaai
MALCOLMSON, J.F., A study of Erwinia isolates obtained from soft rots and blackleg of potatoes. Trans. Brit. Mycol.Soc. 1959, 42: 261-263.
MANIATIS, T., FRITSCH, E.F. and Sambrook SAMBROOK, J. Molecular cloning: a laboratory Manual., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.1989, 637.
MASUM, M.M.I., ISLAM, M.M. ISLAM, M.S. and KABIR, M.H.. Estimation of loss due to post diseases of potato in markets of different districts in Bangladesh. Afri. J. Biotech.2007. 10(56): 11892-11902.
MEHROTRA, R.S., Plant Pathology. Tata McGraw Publ. Co. Ltd. New Dehli. 1980.
MOLINA, J.J., HARRISON, M.D. The role of E. carotovora in the epidemiology of potato blackleg. II. Relationship of E. carotorora var. carotovora and var. atroseptica to potato blackleg in Colorado. Am. J. Potato Res. 1989, 54(12): 587-591.
NIELSON, W., Erwinia species in the lenticels of certified seed. Am. Potato J. 1978, 55:671-676.
NOURIAN, F.K., RAMASWAMY, N.S. Physical, physiological and chemical changes in potato as influenced by E. carotovora infection. J. Food Process. Preserv. S. 2002, 26(5): 339- 360.
OPARA, E.U., AUSTIN, A.A. An overview of characterization and indentification of soft rot bacteria Erwinia in some vegetale crops. 2016 Doi:org.I 10.15580/ GJBS. 2016. 3.041916078.
PASCO, C., BOZEC, M. ELLISSECHE, D. and ANDRIVON, D. Resistance behavior of potato cultivars and advance breeding clones to tuber soft rot caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Potato Res. 2006, 49(2), 91-98.
PEROMBELON, M.C. KELMAN, M.A. Ecology of the soft Erwinias. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 2002, 18: 361-387.
RASHID, A., MUHMMAD, F.A.B. KHAN, M.A. ABDUL, M and AHMAD, F. Incidence of potato blackleg caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum in district Chiniot and its management through bio products. Afri. J. Agric. Res. 2012, 7(45): 6035-6048.
SALEM, E. A., & ABD EL-SHAFEA, Y. M., Biological control of potato soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control.2018, 28(1), 1-5.
SCHAAD, N.W. Serological identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 1979. 17: 123-7.
SHAFIQUE, M., JAVED, N. RASHEED, A. and ARIF, M.J. Genetic response of some potato varieties against blackleg disease. Pak. J. Phytopath. 2010. 22(1): 16-19.
SHRESTHA, R., LEE, S.H. HUR, J.H. and LIM, C.K. The effects of temperature, pH, and bactericides on the growth of Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia amylovora. Plant. Pathol. J. 2005, 21: 127-131.
SINGH, B, P., BHARGAVA, R. ROY, S. ARORA, R.K. SHARMA, V.C. and SHEKHAWT, G.S. Metalaxyre residue in potato tuber J. Indian Potato Assoc. 1998, 25: 73-75.S
SINGH, R. S. Plant Diseases. 6th Ed. Oxford and IBH, Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Dehli. 1991, 158-166.
SMADJA, B., LATOUR, X., TRIGUI, S., BURINI, J. F., CHEVALIER, S., & ORANGE, N. Thermo dependence of growth and enzymatic activities implicated in pathogenicity of two Erwinia carotovora subspecies (Pectobacterium spp.). Canadian Journal of Microbiology.2004, 50(1), 19-27.
STATSYUK, N. V., & KUZNETSOVA, M. A. Methods of laboratory assessment of potato cultivars for resistance to bacterial blackleg and tuber soft rot. Sel'skokhozyaĭstvennaya Biologiya. 2018, 53(1), 111-122.
TYNER, D.N., HACART, M.J. LENNARD, J.H. and GRAHAM, D.C. Periderm and lenticels characterization in relation to potato cultivars soil moisture and tuber maturity. Potato Res. 1997, 40(2), 181-190.
WRIGHT, P.J., TRIGGS, C.M. and BURGE, G.K. Control of bacterial soft rot of calla (zantdesdina spp.) by pathogen exclusion, elimination and removal. New Zealand J. crop and Horticul. Sci. 2005. 33: 117-123.
ZIAULLAH, AHMAD, M. KHAN, F.A. AHMAD, Z. AMIR, M. and REHMAN, M.U. Collection, identification and preservation of E. caraotovora from isolates of carrot. Deptt. Plant Path, Agric. Univ. Peshawer. America-Eurasian J. & Enviton. Sci. 2011. 10 (5): 744-747.
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Dec 31, 2023
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Javed Kamar, Abida Akram, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Muhammad Tahir, Ali Imran, Sajid Hussain. (2023). Aggressiveness Analysis of Erwinia carotovora Isolates and Screening of Selected Commercial Potato Cultivars against Soft Rot. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(18), 284–311. Retrieved from https://jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/3952
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