REVEALING THE PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF ALLIUM SATIVUM -A REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Alliumsativum, garlic, review, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology
Abstract
Allium sativum Linn, a member of the Amaryllidaceae family, commonly known as garlic, holds global significance as a herbal supplement. It is widely utilized for both the prevention and treatment of various diseases in different cultures. Garlic plays a prominent role in traditional medicinal systems, such as traditional Chinese medicine, Islamic medicine, folklore medicine, and the Indian Ayurvedic system, where it is recognized as an effective remedy for numerous human ailments. The objective of this study was to examine scientific articles exploring the therapeutic potential of A. sativum, with the aim of providing up-to-date and reliable scientific evidence to support the use of garlic in promoting human health and managing various health issues.The information underscores the natural gift that garlic offers to humanity. Based on the comprehensive data discussed, A. sativum has the potential to serve as a treatment for a wide range of ailments by inhibiting various bacteria, fungi, harmful viruses, and insects. Garlic's manifold therapeutic properties, including its antioxidative capacity, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, thrombolytic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and potential anticancer effects, make it an exceptional natural remedy for a variety of health concerns. These effects can be attributed to the diverse array of bioactive compounds found in garlic, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and organosulfur compounds like allicin and ajoene. However, it is also important to carefully examine potential adverse effects and safety considerations. Further research is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying garlic's effects to validate its potential health benefits for humans.
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4. Afunwa, R. A., Okonkwo, T. C., Egbuna, R. N., & Ikegbune, C. (2022). Comparative Effects of <i>Allium sativum</i> (Garlic) and <i>Allium porrum</i> (Leek) on Lacerated Wound Isolates. Open Journal of Internal Medicine, 12(04), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojim.2022.124020
5. Almatroodi, S. A., Anwar, S., Almatroudi, A., Khan, A. A., Alrumaihi, F., Alsahli, M. A., & Rahmani, A. H. (2020). Hepatoprotective effects of garlic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury via modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and hepatocyte architecture. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/APP10186200
6. Asdaq, S. M. B., Alamri, A. S., Alsanie, W. F., & Alhomrani, M. (2021). Cardioprotective potential of garlic oil and its active constituent, diallyl disulphide, in presence of carvedilol during chronic isoprenaline injection-mediated myocardial necrosis in rats. Molecules, 26(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175137
7. Bhanot, A., & Shri, R. (2010). A comparative profile of methanol extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum in diabetic neuropathy in mice. Pharmacognosy Research, 2(6), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.75460
8. Bhatwalkar, S. B., Mondal, R., Krishna, S. B. N., Adam, J. K., Govender, P., & Anupam, R. (2021). Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Allium sativum). Frontiers in Microbiology, 12(July), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077
9. Choudhary, R. (2008). Benificial Effect of Allium Sativum and Allium Tuberosum on Experimental Hyperlipidemia and. Pak J Physiol, 4(2), 7–9.
10. Donma, M. M., & Donma, O. (2020). The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection. Medical Hypotheses, 144(June), 109934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109934
11. Eja, M. E., Asikong, B. E., Abriba, C., Arikpo, G. E., Anwan, E. E., & Enyi-ldoh, K. H. (2007). A comparative assessment of the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and antibiotics on diarrheagenic organisms. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38(2), 343–348.
12. Fesseha, H., & Goa, E. (2019). Therapeutic Value of Garlic (Allium sativum): A Review. Advances in Food Technology and Nutrition Sciences – Open Journal, 5(3), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.17140/aftnsoj-5-162
13. Hegazy, E. M., Sabry, A., & Khalil, W. K. B. (2022). Neuroprotective effects of onion and garlic root extracts against Alzheimer’s disease in rats: antimicrobial, histopathological, and molecular studies. Biotechnologia, 103(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2022.116210
14. Iqbal, Z., Nadeem, Q. K., Khan, M. N., Akhtar, M. S., & Waraich, F. N. (2001). In vitro anthelmintic activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Cucurbita mexicana and Ficus religiosa. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 3(4), 454–457.
15. Isbilen, O., & Volkan, E. (2021). Anticancer Activities of Allium sativum L. Against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Mediated by Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.5152/cjms.2020.1848
16. Islamic, I. (2012). 31-Rahman. International Food Research Journal, 19(2), 589–591.
17. Khorshed Alam, M., Obydul Hoq, M., & Shahab Uddin, M. (2016). Medicinal plant Allium sativum = A Review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 4(6), 72–79.
18. Kiprop, S., & Muthangya, M. (n.d.). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of Allium sativum Against Lactobacillus. 4531, 172–180.
19. Kovarovič, J., Bystrická, J., Vollmannová, A., Tóth, T., & Brindza, J. (2019). Biologically valuable substances in garlic (Allium sativum l.)-a review. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 20(1), 292–304. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/20.1.2304
20. Kuzgun, N. K. (2019). Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oils on Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets during storage. Progress in Nutrition, 21(3), 709–714. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v21i3.8694
21. Lawal, B., Shittu, O. K., Oibiokpa, F. I., Mohammed, H., Umar, S. I., & Haruna, G. M. (2016). Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Allium sativum. Journal of Acute Disease, 5(4), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joad.2016.05.002
22. Lemar, K. M., Passa, O., Aon, M. A., Cortassa, S., Müller, C. T., Plummer, S., O’Rourke, B., & Lloyd, D. (2005). Allyl alcohol and garlic (Allium sativum) extract produce oxidative stress in Candida albicans. Microbiology, 151(10), 3257–3265. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28095-0
23. Maisaroh, S., Zahro, C., Puspitosari, D. R., Wahdi, A., & Pratiwi, T. F. (2020). Effective Consumption of Garlic (Allium Sativum Linn) on Decreasing Blood Cholesterol Levels. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 519(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/519/1/012004
24. Meriga, B., Mopuri, R., & MuraliKrishna, T. (2012). Insecticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5(5), 391–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60065-0
25. Metwally, M. A. A. (2009). Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on some antioxidant activities in tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1(1), 56–64.
26. Mona, M. M., Ali, H. F., & Rizk, M. Z. (2011). Efeitos Terapêuticos Do Allium Sativum E Allium Cepa Na Infecção Experimental Pelo Schistosoma Mansoni. Revista Do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 53(3), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652011000300007
27. Morales-González, J. A., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., Sánchez-Gutiérrez, M., Izquierdo-Vega, J. A., Carmen Valadez-Vega, M. Del, Álvarez-González, I., Morales-González, Á., & Madrigal-Santillán, E. (2019). Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A brief review of its antigenotoxic effects. Foods, 8(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8080343
28. Nazir, I., & Chauhan, R. S. (2019). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric). ~ 545 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7(1), 545–547.
29. Nuswantoro, A., & Berlianti, J. N. (2022). Potential of Garlic Filtrate as An Alternative Anticoagulant for Whole Blood Samples. Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, 4(2), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v4i2.2683
30. Onyeagba, R. A., Ugbogu, O. C., Okeke, C. U., & Iroakasi, O. (2004). Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(10), 552–554. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2004.000-2108
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Nov 16, 2022
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Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, & Roshan S. (2022). REVEALING THE PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY OF ALLIUM SATIVUM -A REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 1080–1096. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.3915
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Author Biographies
Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam
Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Bir Tikendrajit University, Imphal, Manipur
0091-9789387828
Roshan S
Research Supervisor, Department of Pharmacy, Bir Tikendrajit University, Imphal, Manipur