TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D3 DEFICIENCY IN ANTENATAL WOMEN AND ITS ADVERSE MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME
Main Article Content
Keywords
Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Antenatal Women, Adverse, Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency in pregnancy (3rd trimester) and its adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.
Methods: This was a hospital-based clinical observational study conducted among 200 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending labour ward, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at S.C.B. Medical College Cuttack, over a period of 12 months from April 2021 to March 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.
Results: Vitamin D3-deficient antenatal women; 87.1% had inadequate exposure to sunlight, and 12.9% had adequate exposure to the sun. There was a higher prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency among those who had inadequate exposure to sunlight, which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: To conclude, our research does not demonstrate a connection between vitamin D insufficiency and other high-risk pregnancy variables or unfavourable foetal outcomes. However, vitamin supplementation is easy, affordable, and unlikely to be hazardous. For all pregnant women, we advised increasing supplementation or sun exposure in order to maintain blood levels of 25(OH)D within the adult normal range (>30ng/ml). It is necessary to encourage these ladies to engage in more outside activities during the day in order to enhance their exposure to sunlight.
References
2. Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera G, De Gregorio C, Palumbo M, Nunnari G, Malaguarnera L. Immuno-modulatory effects of vitamin D3 in human monocyte and macrophages. Cell Immunol 2012;280(1):36-43.
3. Schwalfenberg, G. Not enough vitamin D: health consequences for Canadians. Can Fam Physician 2007;53(5):841-54.
4. Wilkins CH., Sheline YI, Roe CM, Birge SJ, Morris JC. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with low mood and worse cognitive performance in older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psych 2006;14(12):1032-40.
5. Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour JP, Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Eisman JA, et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int 2009;20:1807-20.
6. Kazemi A, Sharifi, F, Jafari N, Mousavinasab, N. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in an Iranian population. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2009;18(6):835-9.
7. Thandrayen K. Maternal vitamin D status: Implications for the development of infantile nutritional rickets. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2010;39(2):303-20.
8. Trilok-Kumar G, Arora H, Rajput M, Chellani H, Singh V, Raynes J, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation of low birth weight term Indian infants from birth on cytokine production at 6 months. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66(6):746-50.
9. Zhang C, Qiu C, Hu FB, David RM, van Dam RM, Bralley A, et al. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2008;3(11):e3753.
10. Jalandra R, Joon A, Chahal J. Deficiency of Vitamin D among Females of Northern India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2017;6(6).
11. Bodnar LM, Simhan HN, Powers RW, Frank MP, Cooperstein E, Roberts JM. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the northern United States and their neonates. The Journal of Nutrition 2007;137(2):447-52.
12. Al Faris NA. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant Saudi women. Nutrients 2016;8(2):77.
13. Nageshu S, Krishna K, Krishna L, Bhat BS, Suma HR, Reddy S. A study of prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and its impact on feto maternal outcome. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016;5(4):1174-81.
14. Muthukrishnan J, Dhruv G. Vitamin D status and gestational diabetesmellitus. Indian J Endocr Metab 2015;19:616-9.
15. Wei SQ, Qi HP, Luo ZC, Fraser WD. Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:889-99.
16. Loy SL, Lek N, Yap F, Soh SE, Padmapriya N, Tan KH, et al. Association of maternal vitamin D status with glucose tolerance and caesarean section in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: the growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes study. PloS One 2015;10(11):e0142239.
17. Bener A, Al-Hamaq AO, Saleh NM. Association between vitamin D insufficiency and adverse pregnancy outcome: Global comparisons. Int J Womens Health 2013;5:523-31.
18. Sharma A, Choudhary J, Joshi P, Bardhar N. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and normal pregnant women Int J Res Med Sci 2020;8(12):4383-7.
19. Mehmood S, Karim SA. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and its relationship with preeclampsia, eclampsia and gestational hypertension. Austin J Nutr Metab 2016;3(2):1040.
20. Luk J, Torrealday S, Neal Perry G, Pal L. Relevance of vitamin D in reproduction. Hum Reprod 2012;27:3015-27.
21. Harvey NC; Holroyd C, Ntani G, Javaid K, Cooper P, Moon R, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2014;18:1-190.
22. Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, Bauchner H, Holick MF. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(3):940-5.
23. Pérez-López FR, Pasupuleti V, Mezones-Holguin E, Benites-Zapata VA, Thota P, Deshpande A, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril 2015;103:1278-88.
24. Leffelaar ER, Vrijkotte TGM, van Eijsden M. Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort. Br J Nutr 2010;104(01):108-17.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Satyajit Jena
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Dr. Soubhagya Kumar Das
Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Dr. Manamohan Biswal
Assistant Professor, Department Clinical Hematology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Dr. Vandana Mohapatra
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Dr. Ramswaroop Hota
Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Dr. Kirti Rekha Mohapatra
Professor & Head, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India.