EVALUATION OF NEUROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FLOWERS OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS LINN. BY DIFFERENT PHARMACOLOGICAL MODELS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Neurological Investigation, Ethanolic Extract, Flowers, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn, Muscle Relaxant Activity, Locomotor Activity
Abstract
AIM- The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate Neurological Investigation of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. by Different Models.
MATERIAL & METHODS- The plant material i.e. flowers were dried under shade and subjected to coarse powder for extraction process. Accurately weighed quantity of flower powder of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis were extracted using petroleum ether for the removal of fats and then different solvents were used according to polarity charts. Qualitative chemical tests of different extracts were subjected to various chemical tests to detect various phytoconstituents. The animals were under observation for their behavioral changes if any, at 30 minutes intervals in the first one hour and at the hourly intervals for the next 4 hour for the following parameters. Locomotor activity is easily measured using actophotometer which operates on photoelectric cells connected with a counter. When a beam of light falling on the photocell is cut off by the animal a count is recorded and displayed digitally. The animals were discarded and replaced if they failed to do so. All the groups’ animals were placed on the rota rod and the fall off time from the rotating rod was noted after 60 minutes of test drug and standard administration.
RESULTS- The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that different active constituent present in different extracts such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fat, oils, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and other phenolics compounds. Rats treated with ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and were submitted to general behavioural profile studies did not show any difference in their behaviors. The ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis in a dose level of 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, p.o did not produce statistically any significant reduction in locomotor activity as compared to the control animals receiving only the vehicle. There was statistically significant decrease in the time of falls within 3 minutes after the treatment with ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis at dose level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o and result reveals that Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has no muscle relaxant property.
CONCLUSION- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has been demonstrated to ameliorate cognitive processes, not only preventing amnesia induced by pharmacological treatments in elevated plus maze, but also by producing facilitation of social memory in a social learning task which demonstrates that the extract displays memory enhancing properties.
References
2. Baki, M.A., Khan, A., Al-Bari, M.A.A., Mosaddik, A., Sadik, G. and Mondal, K.A.M.S.H. (2007). Sub-acute toxicological studies of Pongamol isolated from Pongamia pinnata. Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2, 53-57.
3. Timbrell, J. (2002). Introduction to toxicology. 3rd ed., London, Taylor & Francis, 163-179.
4. Loomis, T. A. and Hayes, A.W. (1996). Loomis’s essentials of toxicology. 4th ed.,California, Academic press, 208- 245.
5. Heinrich M, Lee Teoh H. Galanthamine from snowdrop the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92: 147–162.
6. Mukherjee, P. K., 2002. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs-an Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals. New Delhi, Business horizons pharmaceutical publishers.
7. Kokate, C. K., 1996, Practical Pharmacognosy. Delhi, Vallabh Prakashan.
8. Khandelwal, K. R., 2006. Practical Pharmacognosy. Pune, Nirali Prakashan.
9. Dixit V K, Varma K C. Effects of essential oil of leaves of Blumea lacera DC on central nervous system. Ind J Pharmacol 1976; 18: 7-11.
10. Murugesan T , Gosh L, Das J, Palm M et al. CNS activity of Jussiaea Suffruticosa Linn in rats and mice . J pharmacy pharm communi 1999; 5: 663-666.
11. Turner R A. Depressant of central nervous system in screening procedure in pharmacology. (Academic press), Newyork; 1972.p. 78 -79.
12. Ozturk Y ,Aydine S ,Baser KH , Berderodlu H. Effects of Hypericum Perforatum L and Hypericum calcyinium L extracts on the central nervous system in mice. Phytomedicine 1963: 139-146.
13. Lister RG. Ethologically based animal models of anxiety disorders. Pharmacol Therapeut 1990; 46:321–340.
14. Ballard CG, Greig NH, Guillozet Bongaarts AL, Enz A et al. Cholinesterases roles in the brain during health and disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2005; 2:307-18.
15. Heinrich M, Teoh H L. Galanthamine from snowdrop the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92: 147-162.
16. Gesler WM. Therapeutic landscapes medical issues in light of the new cultural geography. Soc Sci Med 1992; 34: 735-746.
17. Bent S and Ko R. Commonly used herbal medicines in the United States: a review. Am J Med 2004; 116: 478-485.
18. Eisenberg DM, Davis RB , Ettener SL. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997 results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998; 280: 1569-1575.
19. Talalay P,Talalay P. The importance of using scientific principles in the development of medicinal agents from plants. A cad Med 2001; 76: 238-247.
20. Murgnandam AV, Kumar V, Battacharya SK. Status report on neuropharmacology. Ind J pharmacol 2000; 32:119-133.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Monika Kaushik
Ph.D Research Scholar, School of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore-India
Neetesh Kumar Jain
Professor & Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore-India