ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF PROTEIN ENRICHED BARLEY BASED EXTRUDED SNACKS AGAINST STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diabetes, Barley, Sunflower seeds, Protein diet, Beta glucan, Biochemical tests, Histopathology
Abstract
Several studies revealed that protein and dietary fiber enriched diet has therapeutic effect against hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is one of the major non-communicable diseases and the leading cause of deaths in developing countries and around the globe. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of protein enriched barley based extruded snacks against the diabetic rats. For this purpose, barley based extruded snacks with the incorporation of 20% defatted sunflower meal were used for efficacy trials on Sprague Dawley rats. In this context, 40 healthy rats were selected and divided into four groups i.e., negative control (NC), positive control (PC), standard drug (SD) and treatment (EB20) groups. Negative control were fed on normal diet and hyperglycemia was induced by using 2 doses of Streptozotocin injection along with the administration of normal diet (PC). SD group receive metformin per kg body weight for 28 days after the induction of hyperglycemia. While treatment group received treatment diet for 28 days as long as the hyperglycemic condition resulted. Blood glucose was recorded and monitored on regular basis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for different hyperglycemic parameters, kidney and liver stress biomarkers. Hispathological examination of pancreatic tissues was also conducted. The results of biochemical tests and the examination of histopathological tissues of rats fed on protein enriched barley based diet revealed that the adminitation of protein diet significantly lowered the blood glucose or insulin levels does improve the serum glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c, T3, T4, and TSH levels and less likely to affect pancreas.
References
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46. M. Higa et al., "Effect of high β-glucan barley on postprandial blood glucose levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: assessment by meal tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system," vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 55-63, 2019.
47. A. Oyawaluja, J. Oiseoghaede, O. Odukoya, and B. Kubiat, "Antioxidant and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Fermented Peels of Citrus x Sinensis (l.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)," 2021.
48. O. A. Asabi, J. Oisemuzeimen, O. Abiodun, and K. J. P. C. B. R. Blessing, "Antioxidant and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Fermented Peels of Citrus x Sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)," vol. 4, pp. 414-425, 2021.
49. H. S. Parmar and A. J. B. Kar, "Antidiabetic potential of Citrus sinensis and Punica granatum peel extracts in alloxan treated male mice," vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17-24, 2007.
50. R. Schmatz et al., "Effects of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on the activity of delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats," vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 374-383, 2012.
51. N. Mushtaq et al., "Protective effect of rosmarinic acid against oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney of strepotozotocin-induced diabetic rats," vol. 71, pp. 743-751, 2015.
52. E. Collins, E. Emmanuel, and E. J. B. J. o. P. R. Nwoke, "Effect of seven keys herbal formulation on plasma concentrations of liver transaminases of alloxan-induced diabetic rats," vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-11, 2016.
53. D. Ahmed, V. Kumar, A. Verma, G. S. Shukla, and M. J. S. Sharma, "Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic effect of extract of Euryale ferox salisb. with enhanced histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats," vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2015.
54. J. Zhou, S. Zhou, S. J. F. Zeng, and c. pharmacology, "Experimental diabetes treated with trigonelline: effect on β cell and pancreatic oxidative parameters," vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 279-287, 2013.
55. R. S. Mohamed et al., "Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of green sprouts juice and functional dairy micronutrients against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and diabetes in rats," vol. 5, no. 2, 2019.
56. I. A. Shatwan, L. A. Ahmed, and M. M. J. J. o. m. f. Badkook, "Effect of barley flour, crude cinnamon, and their combination on glycemia, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue hormones in type 2 diabetic rats," vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 656-662, 2013.
57. Montgomery, D.C. 2017. Design and analysis of experiments. 8th Ed. John Willy and Sons Inc. Tempe, Arizona, USA. Pp. 1-730.
2. N. H. Cho et al., "IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045," vol. 138, pp. 271-281, 2018.
3. I. D. F. I. d. a. 2019., https://diabetesatlas.org/IDF_Diabetes_Atlas_8e_interactive_, and E. . "International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas. ," 2019.
4. C. COVID et al., "Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019—United States, February 12–March 28, 2020," vol. 69, no. 13, p. 382, 2020.
5. A. D. A. J. D. care, "2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2020," vol. 43, no. Supplement_1, pp. S14-S31, 2020.
6. H. Sun et al., "IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045," vol. 183, p. 109119, 2022.
7. R. Micha et al., "Etiologic effects and optimal intakes of foods and nutrients for risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)," vol. 12, no. 4, p. e0175149, 2017.
8. A. D. A. J. D. care, "9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021," vol. 44, no. Supplement_1, pp. S111-S124, 2021.
9. E. F. Andrade, R. V. Lobato, T. V. de Araújo, M. G. Zangerônimo, R. V. de Sousa, and L. J. J. N. h. Pereira, "Effect of beta-glucans in the control of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients: a systematic review," vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 170-177, 2015.
10. J. E. Campbell and D. J. J. C. m. Drucker, "Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action," vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 819-837, 2013.
11. O. Ajala, P. English, and J. J. T. A. j. o. c. n. Pinkney, "Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes," vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 505-516, 2013.
12. E. Idehen, W. Wang, and S. J. J. o. F. B. Sang, "Health benefits of barley for diabetes," vol. 12, 2020.
13. D. Martínez-Maqueda et al., "A 6-week supplementation with grape pomace to subjects at cardiometabolic risk ameliorates insulin sensitivity, without affecting other metabolic syndrome markers," vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 6010-6019, 2018.
14. D. P. Belobrajdic, S. A. Jobling, M. K. Morell, S. Taketa, and A. R. J. N. R. Bird, "Wholegrain barley β-glucan fermentation does not improve glucose tolerance in rats fed a high-fat diet," vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 162-168, 2015.
15. J. E. Shaw, R. A. Sicree, P. Z. J. D. r. Zimmet, and c. practice, "Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030," vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 4-14, 2010.
16. A. P. Campbell and T. M. J. T. J. o. n. Rains, "Dietary protein is important in the practical management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes," vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 164S-169S, 2015.
17. K. Kotecka-Majchrzak, A. Sumara, E. Fornal, M. J. T. i. F. S. Montowska, and Technology, "Oilseed proteins–Properties and application as a food ingredient," vol. 106, pp. 160-170, 2020.
18. U. Rehman et al., "Depression, anxiety and stress among Indians in times of Covid-19 lockdown," vol. 57, pp. 42-48, 2021.
19. F. B. Ahmad and R. N. J. J. Anderson, "The leading causes of death in the US for 2020," vol. 325, no. 18, pp. 1829-1830, 2021.
20. M. B. Forleo, N. Palmieri, A. Suardi, D. Coaloa, and L. J. J. o. C. P. Pari, "The eco-efficiency of rapeseed and sunflower cultivation in Italy. Joining environmental and economic assessment," vol. 172, pp. 3138-3153, 2018.
21. B. S. Adeleke, O. O. J. F. S. Babalola, and Nutrition, "Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits," vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 4666-4684, 2020.
22. Y. Chen et al., "Nationwide crop yield estimation based on photosynthesis and meteorological stress indices," vol. 284, p. 107872, 2020.
23. C. E. Barrett et al., "Exploring Opportunities for Malting Barley Production in Florida: HS1420, 9/2021," vol. 2021, no. 5, 2021.
24. P. Sullivan, E. Arendt, E. J. T. i. F. S. Gallagher, and Technology, "The increasing use of barley and barley by-products in the production of healthier baked goods," vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 124-134, 2013.
25. H. Huang et al., "Content analysis of vitamins, dietary fibers and amino acids in a wide collection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Tibet, China," vol. 16, no. 4, p. 314, 2020.
26. J. Wang, B. Sun, and R. Tsao, Bioactive factors and processing technology for cereal foods. Springer, 2019.
27. M. Gupta, A. S. Bawa, N. J. F. Abu-Ghannam, and B. processing, "Effect of barley flour and freeze–thaw cycles on textural nutritional and functional properties of cookies," vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 520-527, 2011.
28. P. Sharma, H. S. J. F. Gujral, and B. Technology, "Extrusion of hulled barley affecting β-glucan and properties of extrudates," vol. 6, pp. 1374-1389, 2013.
29. S. Narwal, D. Kumar, S. Sheoran, R. Verma, R. J. J. o. f. s. Gupta, and technology, "Hulless barley as a promising source to improve the nutritional quality of wheat products," vol. 54, pp. 2638-2644, 2017.
30. H. Yamanaka-Okumura et al., "Non-esterified fatty acid is being validated as a substitute measure for non-protein respiratory quotient in patients with cirrhosis," vol. 8, no. 3, pp. e90-e94, 2013.
31. M. G. Priebe, H. Wang, D. Weening, M. Schepers, T. Preston, and R. J. J. T. A. j. o. c. n. Vonk, "Factors related to colonic fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates of a previous evening meal increase tissue glucose uptake and moderate glucose-associated inflammation," vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 90-97, 2010.
32. J. Dong, F. Cai, R. Shen, and Y. J. F. C. Liu, "Hypoglycaemic effects and inhibitory effect on intestinal disaccharidases of oat beta-glucan in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice," vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 1066-1071, 2011.
33. J. Ahn, W. Choi, S. Kim, T. J. F. s. Ha, and biotechnology, "Anti-diabetic effect of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice," vol. 20, pp. 251-254, 2011.
34. J. E. Slemmer, K. S. Shaughnessy, A. P. Scanlan, M. I. Sweeney, K. T. J. C. j. o. p. Gottschall-Pass, and pharmacology, "Choice of diet impacts the incidence of stroke-related symptoms in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat model," vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 243-248, 2012.
35. L. Thomas, Clinical laboratory diagnostics: use and assessment of clinical laboratory results. TH-books Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998.
36. Mahwish et al., "Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of different parts and formulations of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia)," vol. 16, pp. 1-11, 2017.
37. A. M. Basuny, A. M. Gaafar, and S. M. J. A. J. o. B. Arafat, "Tomato lycopene is a natural antioxidant and can alleviate hypercholesterolemia," vol. 8, no. 23, 2009.
38. A. R. Ragab, M. A. Elkablawy, B. Y. Sheik, and H. N. J. J. E. A. T. Baraka, "Antioxidant and tissue-protective studies on Ajwa extract: dates from Al Madinah Al-Monwarah, Saudia Arabia," vol. 3, no. 163, pp. 2161-0525, 2013.
39. S. Miltonprabu, S. J. J. o. T. E. i. M. Thangapandiyan, and Biology, "Epigallocatechin gallate potentially attenuates Fluoride induced oxidative stress mediated cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia in rats," vol. 29, pp. 321-335, 2015.
40. S. T. Kumari, g. Sakthidevi, s. Muthukumaraswamy, and v. R. Mohan, "Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Canscora Perfoiata Lam.(Gentianaceae) Whole Plant in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats," 2013.
41. C. Veeramani, Pushpavalli, G., & Pugalendi, K. V. , " Antihyperglycaemic effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. leaf extract on STZ-induced diabetic rats.," Journal of Applied Biomedicine, vol. 6(1). (2008).
42. P. Ranasinghe, Jayawardana, R., Galappaththy, P., Constantine, G. R., de Vas Gunawardana, N., & Katulanda, P. (2012). Efficacy and safety of ‘true’cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetic medicine, 29(12), 1480-1492.
43. H. Willer, Spohn, G., Morgenroth, K., Thielemann, C., Elvers-Hornung, S., Bugert, P., ... & Bieback, K. (2022). Pooled human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with defined trophic factors cargo promote dermal wound healing in diabetic rats by improved vascularization and dynamic recruitment of M2-like macrophages. Frontiers in immunology, 13, 976511.
44. I. S. R. Punitha, Shirwaikar, A., & Shirwaikar, A. (2005). Antidiabetic activity of benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetologia Croatica, 34(4), 117-128.
45. N. Wadood, M. Nisar, A. Rashid, A. Wadood, and A. J. J. o. A. M. C. A. Khan, "Effect of a compound recipe (medicinal plants) on serum insulin levels of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits," vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 32-38, 2007.
46. M. Higa et al., "Effect of high β-glucan barley on postprandial blood glucose levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: assessment by meal tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system," vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 55-63, 2019.
47. A. Oyawaluja, J. Oiseoghaede, O. Odukoya, and B. Kubiat, "Antioxidant and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Fermented Peels of Citrus x Sinensis (l.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)," 2021.
48. O. A. Asabi, J. Oisemuzeimen, O. Abiodun, and K. J. P. C. B. R. Blessing, "Antioxidant and In-vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Fermented Peels of Citrus x Sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)," vol. 4, pp. 414-425, 2021.
49. H. S. Parmar and A. J. B. Kar, "Antidiabetic potential of Citrus sinensis and Punica granatum peel extracts in alloxan treated male mice," vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17-24, 2007.
50. R. Schmatz et al., "Effects of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on the activity of delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats," vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 374-383, 2012.
51. N. Mushtaq et al., "Protective effect of rosmarinic acid against oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and kidney of strepotozotocin-induced diabetic rats," vol. 71, pp. 743-751, 2015.
52. E. Collins, E. Emmanuel, and E. J. B. J. o. P. R. Nwoke, "Effect of seven keys herbal formulation on plasma concentrations of liver transaminases of alloxan-induced diabetic rats," vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-11, 2016.
53. D. Ahmed, V. Kumar, A. Verma, G. S. Shukla, and M. J. S. Sharma, "Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic effect of extract of Euryale ferox salisb. with enhanced histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats," vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2015.
54. J. Zhou, S. Zhou, S. J. F. Zeng, and c. pharmacology, "Experimental diabetes treated with trigonelline: effect on β cell and pancreatic oxidative parameters," vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 279-287, 2013.
55. R. S. Mohamed et al., "Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of green sprouts juice and functional dairy micronutrients against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and diabetes in rats," vol. 5, no. 2, 2019.
56. I. A. Shatwan, L. A. Ahmed, and M. M. J. J. o. m. f. Badkook, "Effect of barley flour, crude cinnamon, and their combination on glycemia, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue hormones in type 2 diabetic rats," vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 656-662, 2013.
57. Montgomery, D.C. 2017. Design and analysis of experiments. 8th Ed. John Willy and Sons Inc. Tempe, Arizona, USA. Pp. 1-730.
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Nov 24, 2023
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Anam Hameed, Allah Rakha, Masood Sadiq Butt, & Muhammad Asghar. (2023). ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF PROTEIN ENRICHED BARLEY BASED EXTRUDED SNACKS AGAINST STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(18), 2662–2678. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i18.3502
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Author Biographies
Anam Hameed
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Allah Rakha
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Masood Sadiq Butt
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Asghar
Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan