PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF TRICHOPUS ZEYLANICUS SSP TRAVANCORICUS BURKILL EX K. NARAYANAN (TRICHOPODACEAE)
Main Article Content
Keywords
Arogyapachi, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, reducing power
Abstract
Free radicals are an outcome of various metabolic activities and their excess production leads to many diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to neutralize excess free radicals. Free radical scavenging activity of various extracts of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp travancoricus leaf was evaluated using different assays. Petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extracts of Trichopus zeylanicusssptravancoricus scavenged DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS free radicals and increased reducing potential in a concentration dependent manner. Maximum DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity of methanol extract was recorded whereas ethyl acetate extract showed enhanced hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Ethanol extract showed the highest ABTS radical cation scavenging activity. The reducing power of the T. zeylanicusssptravancoricus was in following order: ethanol > methanol > petroleum ether > ethyl acetate > benzene. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important phto constituents. These results are an indication of antioxidant potential of the extracts and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of T. zeylanicus ssp travancoricus.
References
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25. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M and Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Rad Biol Med. 26: 1231-1237.
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27. Rishikesh, R.S., Sambath kumar, R., Vaibhav, B. 2013. Hepato protective mechanism of the flavonoid fraction of Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn on CO2 induced liver damage in rats. Int. J. Med. Pl. 105: 269-276.
28. Sasi, K.N., Ramasubbu, R. 2017. GC-MS analyses of n-Hexane extract of fruits of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus Burkill ex K. Narayanan. Pharmacogn J.
9: S99-S102.
29. Shen, Q., Zhang, B., Xu, R., Wang, Y., Ding, X and Li, P. 2010. Antioxidant activity in vitro of Selenium. Contained protein from the se-enriched. Bifodo bacterium animal is 01. Anaerobe, 16: 380-386.
30. Singh, B., Chandan, B.K., Sharma, N., Singh, S., Khajuria, A., Gupta, D.K. 2005. Adaptogenic activity of gluco-peptido-lipid fraction from the alcoholic extract of Trichopus zeylanicus. Gaertn (Part II) Phytomed.712: 468-481.
31. Sowmya, B.H and Anandhi D.U. 2021. Screening of in vitro free radical scavenging activities of the fruit extracts of Psidium guajava L. Indian J. Trad Know. 20: 716-722.
32. Srinivasan, R., Chandrasekar, M.J.N., Nanjan, M.J. and Suresh. B 2007. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpiniadigyna root. J. Ethnopharmacol. 113: 284-291.
33. Strzemski, M., Kosior, M.W., Sowa, I et al. 2017. Carlina vulgaris L. as a source of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity. Oxidative Med Cellul Longe 2017: 1-10.
34. Subramoniam, A., Evans, D.A., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P. 1999. Inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells by Trichopuszeylanicus in mice and rats. J. Ethnophamacol. 68: 137-143.
35. Subramoniam, A., Madhavachandran, V., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P.1997. Aphrodisiac property of Trichopus zeylanicus extract in male mice J. Ethno pharmacol. 57:21-27.
36. Subramonian, A., Evans, D.A., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P. 1998. Hepato protective activity of Trichopuszeylanicus extract against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. India J. Exp. Biol. 36: 385-389.
37. Suksungworn, R and Duangsrisai, S. 2021. Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from the Rubiaceae family in Thailand. Plant Sci Today. 8: 24-31.
38. Uddin, M.S., Asaduzzaman, M., Mamun, A.A., Iqbal, M.A., Wahid, F. et al., 2016. Neuroprotective activity of Asparagussracemosus Linn against ethanol induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats brain: auspicious for controlling the risk of Alzheimers disease. J. Alzhei. Dis. Pharkinson 6: 1-10.
39. Velavan, S., Selvarani, S., Adhithan, A. 2009. Cardio protective effect of Trichopus zeylanicus against myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol in mice. Bangladesh. J. Pharm. 4: 88-91.
40. Vignesh, K.B., and Ramasubbu, R. 2016. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp travancoricus Burkill ex K. Narayanan. 5: 499-517.
2. Anusuya, N., Anusaya, S., Manian, R., Siddhuraja P and Manian S. 2009. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of certain dietary and medicinal plant extracts, Food 3: 47-52.
3. Ayyanar, M., Ignacimuthu, S. 2005, Traditional knowledge of kanitribals in Kouthali of Tirunelveli hills. Tamil Nadu, India. J. Ethnopharmacol 102: 246-255.
4. Bachhav, R.S, Sambathkumar, R. 2016, Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of the alkaloid fraction of Trichopuszeylanicus Gaertn on experimental animals. Indian J. Pharma Sci. 78: 161-166.
5. Basama, A., Zakania, Z., Latha, L. and Saridhasan, S. 2011. Antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of the methanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 4: 386-390.
6. Biju, V.C., Shidhi, P.R., Rajan, V.S., Anoop, P.K., Nair, A.S. 2019. Therapeutic properties of Trichopuszeylanicus subsp. travancoricus, a rare, endangered medicinal plant in South India: A review, Herb Med. 1-2. doi:10-21767/2472-0151.100040.
7. Bose, S., Sarkar, D., Bose, A and Mandal, SC 2018. Natural flavonoids and its pharmaceutical importance. The Pharma Rev 61-75.
8. Brinda, P., Sasikala, B and Purushothaman, K.K. 1981. Pharmacognostic studies on Merugankilzhangu. Medico Ethno Bot. Res. 3: 84-96.
9. Eom, S.H., Cheng, W.J., Hyoung, J.P., Kim, E.H., Chung, M.I., Kim, M.J., Yu, C and Cho, D.H. 2007. Far infra red ray irradiation stimulates antioxidant activity in VitisflexuosaThunb. Berries. Kor. J. Med. Crop. Sci. 15: 319-323.
10. Haleshappa, R., Sharangouda J.P., and Siddalinga Murthy K.R. 2021. Phytochemical analysis, in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Simaroubaglauca seeds. Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm. 9: 1-8.
11. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C. and Aruoma O.I. 1987. The deoxyribose method a simple best to be assay for determination of rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals. Anals. Biochem. 65: 215-219.
12. Hinneburg, I., Dorman, D.H.J. and Hiltunen R 2006. Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem. 97: 122-129.
13. Hossain, J.S., Uddin, MS, Asaduzzaman M, Munira MS, Uddin, MJ, Raje M.R et al 2017. Inquiry of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Xanthosomasagitifolium leaves. J. Coast Life Med. 5: 22-26.
14. Huang, M.H., Huang, S.S., Wang, B.S., Shen, M.J. and Hon, W.C. 2011. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Cardio spermumhalicaca burm and its reference compounds ex vivo and in vivo. J. Ethnopharmacol. 133: 743-750.
15. Kumar, R.S. and Hemalatha, S. 2011. In vitro antioxidant activity of alcoholic leaf extract and subfractions of Alangiumlamarckii Thwaites. J. Chem. Pharmaceut. Res. 3: 259-267.
16. McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Antolovich M and Robarde K 2001. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chem. 73: 73-84.
17. Moskovitz, J., Yim K.A., Choke, P.B 2002. Free radicals and disease. Arh. Biochem. Biophy. 397: 354-359.
18. Ntie – Kang, F., Lifongo, L.L., Mbaze, L.M., Ekwelle, N., Owono, L.C.O., Megnassan, E et al., Cameroonian medicinal plants: a bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey and chemotaxonomic classification. BMC Comp Alt Med. 13: 1-3.
19. Oladeji, O.S., Odelade, K.A and Oloke, J.K. 2020. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial investigations of Moringaoleifera leaf extracts. Afr. J. Sci. Tech. Inn. Dev. 12: 79-84.
20. Parim, B., Harishankar, N., Balaji, M., Pothana, S., Sajjalaquddam, R.R. 2015. Effects of Piper nigrum extracts: restorative perspectives of high fat diet induced changes on lipid profile, body composition and hormones in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharm Biol. 53: 1318-1328.
21. Penna, C.S., Marino, E., Vivot, M.C., Cruanes, D.M.J, Cruanes, J., Ferraro, G., Gutkind G and Martino, V. 2021. Antimicrobial activity of Aregentine plants used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Isolation of active compounds from Sebastianiabrasiliensis, J. Ethno pharmacol. 77: 37-40.
22. Pisoschi, A.M., Pop, A., Cimpeanu, C and Predoi, G. 2016. Antioxidant capacity determination in plants and plant derived products: a review. Oxida. Med. Cells. Longe. doi: 10.1155/2016/9130976.
23. Pushpangadan, P., Rajasekharan, S., Rathesh Kumar, P.K., Jawahar, C.R., Nair, V.V., Lakshmi, N. et al. 1988.Arogyappacha (Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn). The ginseng of kani tribes of Agashtyar Hills (Kerala) for ever green. Arc. Sci. Life. 8: 13-16.
24. Rauha, J.P., Remes S, Heinonen, M, Hopia, A., Kahkonen M., Kujala I., Pihlaja K, Vuorela H and Vuorela P. 2000. Antimicrobial effects of finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Int J Food Microbiol. 56: 3-12.
25. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M and Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Rad Biol Med. 26: 1231-1237.
26. Rishikesh, B.S., Kumar, S.R., Ravindranath. S.B., Vaibhav. B.V. 2017. Antiulcer potential of saponin reaction of Trichopus zeylanicus on a various experimental animal models. India J. Green Pharm. 11: 11-16.
27. Rishikesh, R.S., Sambath kumar, R., Vaibhav, B. 2013. Hepato protective mechanism of the flavonoid fraction of Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn on CO2 induced liver damage in rats. Int. J. Med. Pl. 105: 269-276.
28. Sasi, K.N., Ramasubbu, R. 2017. GC-MS analyses of n-Hexane extract of fruits of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus Burkill ex K. Narayanan. Pharmacogn J.
9: S99-S102.
29. Shen, Q., Zhang, B., Xu, R., Wang, Y., Ding, X and Li, P. 2010. Antioxidant activity in vitro of Selenium. Contained protein from the se-enriched. Bifodo bacterium animal is 01. Anaerobe, 16: 380-386.
30. Singh, B., Chandan, B.K., Sharma, N., Singh, S., Khajuria, A., Gupta, D.K. 2005. Adaptogenic activity of gluco-peptido-lipid fraction from the alcoholic extract of Trichopus zeylanicus. Gaertn (Part II) Phytomed.712: 468-481.
31. Sowmya, B.H and Anandhi D.U. 2021. Screening of in vitro free radical scavenging activities of the fruit extracts of Psidium guajava L. Indian J. Trad Know. 20: 716-722.
32. Srinivasan, R., Chandrasekar, M.J.N., Nanjan, M.J. and Suresh. B 2007. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpiniadigyna root. J. Ethnopharmacol. 113: 284-291.
33. Strzemski, M., Kosior, M.W., Sowa, I et al. 2017. Carlina vulgaris L. as a source of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity. Oxidative Med Cellul Longe 2017: 1-10.
34. Subramoniam, A., Evans, D.A., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P. 1999. Inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells by Trichopuszeylanicus in mice and rats. J. Ethnophamacol. 68: 137-143.
35. Subramoniam, A., Madhavachandran, V., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P.1997. Aphrodisiac property of Trichopus zeylanicus extract in male mice J. Ethno pharmacol. 57:21-27.
36. Subramonian, A., Evans, D.A., Rajasekharan, S., Pushpangadan, P. 1998. Hepato protective activity of Trichopuszeylanicus extract against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. India J. Exp. Biol. 36: 385-389.
37. Suksungworn, R and Duangsrisai, S. 2021. Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from the Rubiaceae family in Thailand. Plant Sci Today. 8: 24-31.
38. Uddin, M.S., Asaduzzaman, M., Mamun, A.A., Iqbal, M.A., Wahid, F. et al., 2016. Neuroprotective activity of Asparagussracemosus Linn against ethanol induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats brain: auspicious for controlling the risk of Alzheimers disease. J. Alzhei. Dis. Pharkinson 6: 1-10.
39. Velavan, S., Selvarani, S., Adhithan, A. 2009. Cardio protective effect of Trichopus zeylanicus against myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol in mice. Bangladesh. J. Pharm. 4: 88-91.
40. Vignesh, K.B., and Ramasubbu, R. 2016. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp travancoricus Burkill ex K. Narayanan. 5: 499-517.
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Dec 16, 2022
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K.M.S. Maruthi Rajaguru, & S. Sridhar. (2022). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF TRICHOPUS ZEYLANICUS SSP TRAVANCORICUS BURKILL EX K. NARAYANAN (TRICHOPODACEAE). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.2991
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Author Biographies
K.M.S. Maruthi Rajaguru
Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu
S. Sridhar
Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.