PALPEBRAL FISSURE LENGTH MEASUREMENT: ACCURACY OF THE FAS FACIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND INACCURACY OF THE RULER

Main Article Content

Susan J. Astley

Keywords

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, palpebral fissure length, FASD 4- Digit Diagnostic Code, WA State Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic & Prevention Network

Abstract

Background


Accurate fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnoses require accurate facial measurement. The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Facial Photographic Analysis Software was developed to overcome measurement error known to occur with ruler measurement of the PFL. Recent publications have queried the Software’s accuracy.


Objectives


1) Demonstrate the Software’s ability to accurately measure a PFL from a 2 -dimensional digital facial photograph. 2) Demonstrate the frequency and magnitude of error when the PFL is measured directly by clinicians using a ruler.


Methods


Objective 1: PFLs of mannequins were measured using the Software and a sliding digital caliper, with the latter serving as the gold -standard accurate measure. Mannequins allowed the caliper prongs to be placed directly on the landmarks that define the PFL. Objective 2: PFLs of 1,027 patients evaluated at the University of Washington FAS Diagnostic & Prevention Network were measured with the Software and directly by one or two clinicians using a ruler.


Results


Objective 1: The Software derived PFLs that were identical to or within 0.2 mm of the caliper measures. Objective 2: There was tremendous inter-rater variability in PFLs measured by clinicians using a hand held ruler. Seventy -seven percent of patients had their PFLs measured incorrectly (greater than 1 mm error) by at least one of the two clinicians using a ruler.


Conclusion


The FAS Facial Photographic Analysis Software measures the PFL with the same accuracy as a sliding digital caliper, as it was programmed to do. Direct measurement of the PFL with a ruler is very prone to error.

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