Prevalence, impact and self-care practice of dysmenorrhea among female university students in Saudi Arabia
Main Article Content
Keywords
Prevalence, Dysmenorrhea, student, classroom performance
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female University students at Jazan University, impact and self-care in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted among 335 students in Jazan University, selected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected using an online survey adopted from a previous study (AL Ghamdi, 2019) after taking permission from the author. It consists of socio-demographic information, menstrual history, lifestyle, and self-care practice. The intensity of menstrual pain scored the severity of pain was assessed by the Multidimensional Scoring System of Andersch and Milsom developed by (Moghadam & Khosravi, 2012).
Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 69.69%. The prevalence of severe dysmenorrhea was 29.73 %. 63.4% used painkiller, and it interferes with the daily activity of 165 students (49%). Decreased social activities were the most common psychological impact (56.7%). The pain intensity positively correlated with classroom performance, exam performance, assignment performance, and extracurricular activity performance.
Conclusions: Dysmenorrhea, as a condition, is a universal problem among teenage girls; the current studies revealed a relatively high prevalence of this condition among female university students. The symptom and the severity have direct impacts on students' daily life. However, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, and personal habits showed no relation with the severity of dysmenorrhea. Simultaneously, the menstrual characteristics and history had a connection to the severity of the symptoms. Early intervention for pain management can minimize the impact of the symptoms on the population.
References
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4. Al-Matouq, S., Al-Mutairi, H., Al-Mutairi, O., Abdulaziz, F., Al-Basri, D., Al-Enzi, M., & Al-Taiar, A. (2019). Dysmenorrhea among high-school students and its associated factors in Kuwait. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1442-6
5. Alsaleem, M. (2018). Dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and management among students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia: An exploratory study. Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 7(4), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_113_18
6. Ameade, E. P. K., Amalba, A., & Mohammed, B. S. (2018). Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among University students in Northern Ghana; its impact and management strategies. BMC Women’s Health, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0532-1
7. Amiri Farahani, Ë. L., Hasanpoor-Azghdy, S. B., Kasraei, H., & Heidari, T. (2017). Comparison of the effect of honey and mefenamic acid on the severity of pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 296(2), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4409-6
8. Armour, M., Parry, K., Manohar, N., Holmes, K., Ferfolja, T., Curry, C., MacMillan, F., & Smith, C. A. (2019). The Prevalence and Academic Impact of Dysmenorrhea in 21,573 Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Women’s Health, 28(8), 1161–1171. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7615
9. Armour, M., Smith, C. A., Steel, K. A., & Macmillan, F. (2019). The effectiveness of self-care and lifestyle interventions in primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2433-8
10. Bajalan, Z., Alimoradi, Z., & Moafi, F. (2019). Nutrition as a Potential Factor of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION, 84(3), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495408
11. Banikarim, C., Chacko, M. R., & Kelder, S. H. (2000). Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Hispanic Female Adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154(12), 1226–1229. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1226
12. Barnard, N. D., Scialli, A. R., Hurlock, D., & Bertron, P. (2000). Diet and sex-hormone binding globulin, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual symptoms. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 95(2), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00525-6
13. Bavil, D. A., Dolatian, M., Mahmoodi, Z., & Baghban, A. A. (2016). Comparison of lifestyles of young women with and without primary dysmenorrhea. Electronic Physician, 8(3), 2107–2114. https://doi.org/10.19082/2107
14. Burnett, M. A., Antao, V., Black, A., Feldman, K., Grenville, A., Lea, R., Lefebvre, G., Pinsonneault, O., & Robert, M. (2005). Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Canada. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 27(8), 765–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)30728-9
15. Camlibel, M., Erdur, B., Yilmaz, A., Ozen, M., & Uyanik, A. (2019). Comparison of the Effects of Piroxicam and Diclofenac Sodium as Treatments for Primary Dysmenorrhea. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 25, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.911711
16. Campbell, M. A., & McGrath, P. J. (1999). Non-pharmacologic strategies used by adolescents for the management of menstrual discomfort. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 15(4), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199912000-00008
17. Chen, C. X., Barrett, B., & Kwekkeboom, K. L. (2016). Efficacy of Oral Ginger (Zingiber officinale) for Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6295737
18. Davis, A. R., Westhoff, C., O’Connell, K., & Gallagher, N. (2005). Oral Contraceptives for Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 106(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000165826.03915.65
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Jun 25, 2023
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Ghadeer Sharawi, Sahar M. Yakout, & Manal F. Alharbi. (2023). Prevalence, impact and self-care practice of dysmenorrhea among female university students in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(4), 573–592. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.04.059
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