Does Functional Movement Analysis and Balance Have A Relationship With Body Awareness Level?
Main Article Content
Keywords
Functional movement analysis, Dynamic balance, Body awareness
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the relationship between functional movement analysis and dynamic balance and body awareness levels in active athletes.
24 active athletes who train at least 5 days a week participated in the study. Functional Movement Screen (FMS) (Functional Movement Screen) consisting of 7 movements was applied to the participants. Dynamic balance were measured with Y-Balance Test (YBT) and body awareness were established with Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ).
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 26.0 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics were given as mean and standard deviation. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables.
A moderate positive correlation (r=.671; p<.000) was found between FMS and BAQ, and FMS and the other parameters. In addition, moderate relationship was determined between BAQ and YBT in the dominant foot anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), posterolateral (PL) and composite values.
In conclusion, as BAQ levels increase, athletes’ FMS scores and only YBT values of dominant leg increased. In addition, as the FMS scores increased the YBT scores except for the anterior right (AR) and left (AL) leg also increased. Because of the positive relationship between FMS, YBT and BAQ, it is thought that controlling FMS, YBT and BAQ can give coaches important clues to predict the injury risk of athletes.
References
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11. Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight, M. (2014b). Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function‐part 2. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(4), 549.
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13. Era, P., Schroll, M., Ytting, H., Gause-Nilsson, I., Heikkinen, E., & Steen, B. (1996). Postural balance and its sensory-motor correlates in 75-year-old men and women: a cross-national comparative study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 51(2), M53-M63.
14. Frost, D. M., Beach, T. A., Callaghan, J. P., & McGill, S. M. (2012). Using the Functional Movement Screen™ to evaluate the effectiveness of training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(6), 1620-1630.
15. Gard, G. (2005). Body awareness therapy for patients with fibromyalgia and chronic pain. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27(12), 725-728.
16. Garrison, M., Westrick, R., Johnson, M. R., & Benenson, J. (2015). Association between the functional movement screen and injury development in college athletes. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(1), 21.
17. Ginzburg, K., Tsur, N., Barak-Nahum, A., & Defrin, R. (2014). Body awareness: differentiating between sensitivity to and monitoring of bodily signals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 564-575.
18. Hrysomallis, C. (2007). Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports Medicine, 37, 547-556.
19. Hrysomallis, C. (2011). Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 41, 221-232.
20. Huurnink, A., Fransz, D. P., Kingma, I., Hupperets, M. D., & van Dieën, J. H. (2014). The effect of leg preference on postural stability in healthy athletes. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(1), 308-312.
21. Kelleher, L. K., Frayne, R. J., Beach, T. A., Higgs, J. M., Johnson, A. M., & Dickey, J. P. (2017). Relationships between the functional movement screen score and y-balance test reach distances. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 5(3), 51-56. 22. Khasawneh, A. (2015). Anthropometric measurements and their relation to static and dynamic balance among junior tennis players. Sport Science, 8(1), 87-91.
23. Kiesel, K., Plisky, P. J., & Voight, M. L. (2007). Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen?. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT, 2(3), 147-158.
24. Kioumourtzoglou, E., Derri, V., Mertzanidou, O., & Tzetzis, G. (1997). Experience with perceptual and motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84(3_suppl), 1363-1372.
25. Kızılelmas, F. (2021). Changes in the Individual and Social Lifestyles of Women Doing Sports: The Case of Düzce. Düzce University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 152-170.
26. Koçak, U. Z., & Ünver, B. (2019). Investigation of the Relationship Between Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test in Female Soccer Players as Injury Risk Predictors. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(1).
27. Koehle, M. S., Saffer, B. Y., Sinnen, N. M., & MacInnis, M. J. (2016). Factor structure and internal validity of the functional movement screen in adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(2), 540-546.
28. Kraemer, W. J., French, D. N., Paxton, N. J., Häkkinen, K., Volek, J. S., Sebastianelli, W. J., ... & Knuttgen, H. G. (2004). Changes in exercise performance and hormonal concentrations over a big ten soccer season in starters and nonstarters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(1), 121-128.
29. Mehling, W. E., Gopisetty, V., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Hecht, F. M., & Stewart, A. (2009). Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PloS One, 4(5), e5614.
30. Mehling, W. E., Wrubel, J., Daubenmier, J. J., Price, C. J., Kerr, C. E., Silow, T., ... & Stewart, A. L. (2011). Body Awareness: a phenomenological inquiry into the common ground of mind-body therapies. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 6(1), 1-12. 31. Mens, J. M. A., Vleeming, A., Snijders, C. J., Stam, H. J., & Ginai, A. Z. (1999). The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints. European Spine Journal, 8, 468-473.
32. Moein, E., Movaseghi, F. (2016). Relationship between some anthropometric indices with dynamic and static balance in sedentary female college students. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 45-49.
33. Moran, R. W., Schneiders, A. G., Mason, J., & Sullivan, S. J. (2017). Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(23), 1661-1669.
34. Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Eisenberg, M. E., Wall, M., & Loth, K. A. (2011). Yoga and pilates: Associations with body image and disordered‐eating behaviors in a population‐based sample of young adults. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(3), 276-280.
35. Okada, T., Huxel, K. C., & Nesser, T. W. (2011). Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 252-261.
36. Paillard, T. (2017). Plasticity of the postural function to sport and/or motor experience. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 72, 129–152.
37. Paillard, T. H., & Noé, F. (2006). Effect of expertise and visual contribution on postural control in soccer. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(5), 345-348.
38. Paillard, T., & Noé, F. (2020). Does monopedal postural balance differ between the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg? A review. Human Movement Science, 74, 102686.
39. Piek, J. P., Dyck, M. J., Francis, M., & Conwell, A. (2007). Working memory, processing speed, and set‐shifting in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(9), 678-683.
40. Rusling, C., Edwards, K., Bhattacharya, A., Reed, A., Irwin, S., Boles, A., ... & Hodgson, L. (2015). The functional movement screening tool does not predict injury in football. Progress in Orthopedic Science, 1(2), 41-46.
41. Seth, A. K. (2013). Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(11), 565-573.
42. Shields, S. A., Mallory, M. E., & Simon, A. (1989). The body awareness questionnaire: reliability and validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(4), 802-815. doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5304_16
43. Smith, C. A., Chimera, N. J., & Warren, M. E. G. H. A. N. (2015). Association of y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in division I athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(1), 136-141.
44. Smith, L. J., Creps, J. R., Bean, R., Rodda, B., & Alsalaheen, B. (2017). Performance of high school male athletes on the Functional Movement Screen™. Physical Therapy in Sport, 27, 17-23.
45. Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med Prog Technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
46. Zemková, E. (2014). Sport-specific balance. Sports Medicine, 44, 579-590.
47. Zorlular, A., Güzel, N., Kafa N., Aksen, P., Cengizhan, Akarçeşme, C. (2017). The Relationship between Functional Movement Analysis Score and Body Muscle Strength, Body Composition and Balance. IX. International Congress of Sports Physiotherapists, Association of Sports Physiotherapists, Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. Sup (1) (P 95) .9-11 November Ankara 2017).
2. Alghadir, A. H., Al-Eisa, E. S., Anwer, S., & Sarkar, B. (2018). Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of three scales for measuring balance in patients with chronic stroke. BMC Neurology, 18, 1-7.
3. Almuzaini, K. S. (2007). Muscle function in Saudi children and adolescents: relationship to anthropometric characteristics during growth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(3), 319-333.
4. Bekker, M. H., Croon, M. A., & Vermaas, S. (2002). Inner body and outward appearance—the relationship between orientation toward outward appearance, body awareness and symptom perception. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(2), 213-225.
5. Ben-Tovim, D. I., & Walker, M. K. (1991). The development of the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ), a new measure of women's attitudes towards their own bodies. Psychological Medicine, 21(3), 775-784.
6. Cengizhan, Ö., Eyüboğlu, E. (2017). The Relationship Between Physical Characteristics of Competitors in Different Branches and Functional Movement Analysis. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (UKSAD), 3(Special Issue 2), 365-371.
7. Cholewicki, J., Silfies, S. P., Shah, R. A., Greene, H. S., Reeves, N. P., Alvi, K., & Goldberg, B. (2005). Delayed trunk muscle reflex responses increase the risk of low back injuries. Spine, 30(23), 2614-2620.
8. Chorba, R. S., Chorba, D. J., Bouillon, L. E., Overmyer, C. A., & Landis, J. A. (2010). Use of a functional movement screening tool to determine injury risk in female collegiate athletes. North American journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT, 5(2), 47.
9. Cook, G., Burton, L., & Hoogenboom, B. (2006). Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function–part 1. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT, 1(2), 62-71.
10. Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight, M. (2014a). Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function‐part 1. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(3), 396.
11. Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight, M. (2014b). Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function‐part 2. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(4), 549.
12. Cook, G., Burton, L., Kiesel, K., Rose, G., & Brynt, M. F. (2010). Movement: Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment. Corrective Strategies (1st ed.). Aptos, CA: On Target Publications, 73-106.
13. Era, P., Schroll, M., Ytting, H., Gause-Nilsson, I., Heikkinen, E., & Steen, B. (1996). Postural balance and its sensory-motor correlates in 75-year-old men and women: a cross-national comparative study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 51(2), M53-M63.
14. Frost, D. M., Beach, T. A., Callaghan, J. P., & McGill, S. M. (2012). Using the Functional Movement Screen™ to evaluate the effectiveness of training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(6), 1620-1630.
15. Gard, G. (2005). Body awareness therapy for patients with fibromyalgia and chronic pain. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27(12), 725-728.
16. Garrison, M., Westrick, R., Johnson, M. R., & Benenson, J. (2015). Association between the functional movement screen and injury development in college athletes. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(1), 21.
17. Ginzburg, K., Tsur, N., Barak-Nahum, A., & Defrin, R. (2014). Body awareness: differentiating between sensitivity to and monitoring of bodily signals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 564-575.
18. Hrysomallis, C. (2007). Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports Medicine, 37, 547-556.
19. Hrysomallis, C. (2011). Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 41, 221-232.
20. Huurnink, A., Fransz, D. P., Kingma, I., Hupperets, M. D., & van Dieën, J. H. (2014). The effect of leg preference on postural stability in healthy athletes. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(1), 308-312.
21. Kelleher, L. K., Frayne, R. J., Beach, T. A., Higgs, J. M., Johnson, A. M., & Dickey, J. P. (2017). Relationships between the functional movement screen score and y-balance test reach distances. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 5(3), 51-56. 22. Khasawneh, A. (2015). Anthropometric measurements and their relation to static and dynamic balance among junior tennis players. Sport Science, 8(1), 87-91.
23. Kiesel, K., Plisky, P. J., & Voight, M. L. (2007). Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen?. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT, 2(3), 147-158.
24. Kioumourtzoglou, E., Derri, V., Mertzanidou, O., & Tzetzis, G. (1997). Experience with perceptual and motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84(3_suppl), 1363-1372.
25. Kızılelmas, F. (2021). Changes in the Individual and Social Lifestyles of Women Doing Sports: The Case of Düzce. Düzce University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 152-170.
26. Koçak, U. Z., & Ünver, B. (2019). Investigation of the Relationship Between Functional Movement Screen and Y Balance Test in Female Soccer Players as Injury Risk Predictors. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(1).
27. Koehle, M. S., Saffer, B. Y., Sinnen, N. M., & MacInnis, M. J. (2016). Factor structure and internal validity of the functional movement screen in adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(2), 540-546.
28. Kraemer, W. J., French, D. N., Paxton, N. J., Häkkinen, K., Volek, J. S., Sebastianelli, W. J., ... & Knuttgen, H. G. (2004). Changes in exercise performance and hormonal concentrations over a big ten soccer season in starters and nonstarters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(1), 121-128.
29. Mehling, W. E., Gopisetty, V., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Hecht, F. M., & Stewart, A. (2009). Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PloS One, 4(5), e5614.
30. Mehling, W. E., Wrubel, J., Daubenmier, J. J., Price, C. J., Kerr, C. E., Silow, T., ... & Stewart, A. L. (2011). Body Awareness: a phenomenological inquiry into the common ground of mind-body therapies. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 6(1), 1-12. 31. Mens, J. M. A., Vleeming, A., Snijders, C. J., Stam, H. J., & Ginai, A. Z. (1999). The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints. European Spine Journal, 8, 468-473.
32. Moein, E., Movaseghi, F. (2016). Relationship between some anthropometric indices with dynamic and static balance in sedentary female college students. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 45-49.
33. Moran, R. W., Schneiders, A. G., Mason, J., & Sullivan, S. J. (2017). Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(23), 1661-1669.
34. Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Eisenberg, M. E., Wall, M., & Loth, K. A. (2011). Yoga and pilates: Associations with body image and disordered‐eating behaviors in a population‐based sample of young adults. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(3), 276-280.
35. Okada, T., Huxel, K. C., & Nesser, T. W. (2011). Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 252-261.
36. Paillard, T. (2017). Plasticity of the postural function to sport and/or motor experience. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 72, 129–152.
37. Paillard, T. H., & Noé, F. (2006). Effect of expertise and visual contribution on postural control in soccer. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16(5), 345-348.
38. Paillard, T., & Noé, F. (2020). Does monopedal postural balance differ between the dominant leg and the non-dominant leg? A review. Human Movement Science, 74, 102686.
39. Piek, J. P., Dyck, M. J., Francis, M., & Conwell, A. (2007). Working memory, processing speed, and set‐shifting in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(9), 678-683.
40. Rusling, C., Edwards, K., Bhattacharya, A., Reed, A., Irwin, S., Boles, A., ... & Hodgson, L. (2015). The functional movement screening tool does not predict injury in football. Progress in Orthopedic Science, 1(2), 41-46.
41. Seth, A. K. (2013). Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(11), 565-573.
42. Shields, S. A., Mallory, M. E., & Simon, A. (1989). The body awareness questionnaire: reliability and validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(4), 802-815. doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5304_16
43. Smith, C. A., Chimera, N. J., & Warren, M. E. G. H. A. N. (2015). Association of y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in division I athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(1), 136-141.
44. Smith, L. J., Creps, J. R., Bean, R., Rodda, B., & Alsalaheen, B. (2017). Performance of high school male athletes on the Functional Movement Screen™. Physical Therapy in Sport, 27, 17-23.
45. Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med Prog Technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
46. Zemková, E. (2014). Sport-specific balance. Sports Medicine, 44, 579-590.
47. Zorlular, A., Güzel, N., Kafa N., Aksen, P., Cengizhan, Akarçeşme, C. (2017). The Relationship between Functional Movement Analysis Score and Body Muscle Strength, Body Composition and Balance. IX. International Congress of Sports Physiotherapists, Association of Sports Physiotherapists, Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. Sup (1) (P 95) .9-11 November Ankara 2017).
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Jun 23, 2023
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Ülviye Bilgin, İlyas Okan, Belgin Gökyürek, Mergül Çolak, & Ayşen Kaba. (2023). Does Functional Movement Analysis and Balance Have A Relationship With Body Awareness Level?. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(16), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.16.005
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