Nutritional Status And Its Relationship With Socioeconomic Level In Schoolchildren Of The Uunt Wichim Community, Seville Don Bosco Parish. Morona Santiago, 2023
Main Article Content
Keywords
Malnutrition; Obesity; Socioeconomic Level; Undernutrition
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is a worldwide health problem that is associated with various factors, among them, the socioeconomic level of the family nucleus.
Objective: To determine the nutritional status and its relationship with socioeconomic level in schoolchildren of the Uunt Wichim community, Sevilla Don Bosco, Morona Santiago-Ecuador, in the period April-June 2023.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out between March and May 2023, with schoolchildren of both genders and ages between 5-12 years, from a community located in Morona Santiago-Ecuador. The height and weight of the schoolchildren were taken, to evaluate the socioeconomic level, the parents or legal guardians filled out the Graffar-Méndez Castellano scale.
Results: A total of 68 schoolchildren participated in the study, with a median and an interquartile range of 10.0 (7.0 - 12.0) years, and 40 (58.8%) were female. Of the schoolchildren, 23.5% were undernourished, 8.8% were overweight and 1.5% were obese. In relation to the socioeconomic level, 7.4% belonged to stratum III, 69.1% to stratum IV and 23.5% to stratum V. Schoolchildren belonging to stratum III and V presented differences in BMI (p = 0.011), likewise, there were differences in BMI between schoolchildren belonging to stratum IV and V (p < 0.001).
Conclusions and relevance: The schoolchildren presented a double burden of malnutrition. The results show that the nutritional status of schoolchildren is related to the socioeconomic level of the family nucleus. It is necessary to develop strategic interventions to eradicate malnutrition.
References
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28. Lamb ML, Longhi F, Cesani MF. Nutritional status and food assistance in urban schoolchildren in Tucumán, Argentina. Rev Esp Nutr Community. 2021;27(2).
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31. Sánchez-Urrea A, Izquierdo Rus T. Socioeconomic factors influencing nutritional health and physical activity of schoolchildren. Challenges. 2021;40:95–108.
32. Mkhize M, Sibanda M. A Review of Selected Studies on the Factors Associated with the Nutrition Status of Children Under the Age of Five Years in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7973.
33. Lipa Tudela L, Geldrech Sanchez P, Quilca Soto Y, Mamani-Coaquira H, Huanca-Arohuanca JW. Socioeconomic structure and eating habits in the nutritional status of students in southern Peru. Challenges. 2021;12(2):135–43.
34. Corvalán C, Garmendia ML, Jones-Smith J, Lutter CK, Miranda JJ, Pedraza LS, et al. Nutrition status of children in Latin America. Obes Rev. 2017;18(Suppl 2):7–18.
35. Muros JJ, Briones M, Rodríguez G, Bouzas PR, Giménez R, Cabrera-Vique C. Double burden of malnutrition in rural and urban Guatemalan schoolchildren. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(2):345–50.
36. Garraza M, Oyhenart USA Double burden of malnutrition, composition and body proportion in schoolchildren in the peri-urban area of Guaymallén, Mendoza. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2020;40(4):99–107.
2. World Health Organization. Malnutrition [Internet]. 2021 [cited 15 May 2023]. Available in: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition
3. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. 2021 [cited 15 May 2023]. Available in: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
4. Cueva Moncayo MF, Pérez Padilla CA, Ramos Argilagos M, Guerrero Caicedo R. Child malnutrition in Ecuador. A literature review. Bol Malariol Health Ambient. 2021;61(4):556–664.
5. National Institute of Statistics and Censuses. National Health and Nutrition Survey - ENSANUT [Internet]. 2018 [cited 15 May 2023]. Available in: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/ENSANUT/ENSANUT_2018/Principales%20resultados%20ENSANUT_2018.pdf
6. Ministry of Public Health, Vice-Ministry of Health Governance and Surveillance. Ten-year health plan 2022-2031. Quito, Ecuador: Ministry of Public Health; 2022.
7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food and Nutrition Security. Basic Concepts [Internet]. 2011. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/at772s/at772s.pdf
8. Dipasquale V, Cucinotta U, Romano C. Acute Malnutrition in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Effects and Treatment. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2413.
9. Moreta Colcha HE, Vallejo Vásquez CR, Chiluiza Villacis CE, Revelo Hidalgo EY. Malnutrition in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Complications and Management Globally and in Ecuador. RECIMUNDO. 3(1):345–61.
10. Lizardo AE, Díaz A. Overweight and childhood obesity. Rev Med Hondur. 2011;79(4):208–13.
11. Nicolaidis S. Environment and obesity. Metabolism. 2019;100S:153942.
12. Borràs PA, Ugarriza L. Childhood obesity: are we wrong? Main causes of the problem and research trends. Apunt Med l'esport. 2013;48(178):63–8.
13. Rodrigo-Cano S, Soriano del Castillo JM, Merino-Torres JF. Causes and treatment of obesity Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2017;37(4):87–92.
14. Barrutia Barreto I, Maita Cruz YA, Paz López JA, Meza Carassa DC. Relationship between obesity and chronic non-communicable and infectious diseases. Medicine (Ribeirão Preto). 2021;54(3):E-169851.
15. Moreira Ochoa DC, Rodríguez Ortiz VP, Mera Cedeño JP, Medranda Zambrano RG, Medranda Ortiz FJ, Avendaño Alonzo GC. Most relevant risk factors in the increase in childhood obesity. RECIAMUC. 2018;2(4):24–40.
16. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Santiago E, Eck KM, Delaney CL, Quick VM, Pozzoli A, et al. HomeStyles-2: Randomized controlled trial protocol for a web-based obesity prevention program for families with children in middle childhood. Contemp Clin Trials. 2022;112:106644.
17. Villacís Mejía JE. Anthropometric nutritional status, socioeconomic level and academic performance in school children aged 6 to 12 years The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 2019 [Internet] [Undergraduate Thesis]. [Lima, Peru]: Universidad Peruana Unión; 2020. Available in: http://200.121.226.32:8080/bitstream/handle/20.500.12840/3138/Johana_Tesis_Licenciatura_2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
18. Freire W, López P. Manual Of Procedures Of Anthropometry And Determination Of Blood Pressure [Internet]. Available in: https://aplicaciones.msp.gob.ec/salud/archivosdigitales/documentosDirecciones/dnn/files/MANUAL%20OF%20PROCEDURES%20OF%20ANTHROPOMETRY.pdf
19. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project. BMI tables and BMI tables for age, for children and adolescents 5 to 18 years of age and BMI tables for non-pregnant, non-lactating ≥ 19 years of age adults [Internet]. 2013. Available in: https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/FANTA-BMI-charts-Enero2013-ESPANOL_0.pdf
20. Bauce GJ, Córdova R MA. Socioeconomic questionnaire applied to family groups in the Capital District for research related to public health. INHRR. 2010;41(1):14–24.
21. Naranjo Vinueza JD, Pesantez Borja MJ. Identification Of Risk Factors That Influence The State Of Malnutrition Of Children From 5 To 8 Years Through The Application Of The Graffar Score In Private Schools In The City Of Quito Year 2015 [Internet] [Undergraduate Thesis]. [Quito, Ecuador]: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; 2016. Available in:http://repositorio.puce.edu.ec/bitstream/handle/22000/13904/TESIS.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#:~:text=La%20escala%20de%20Graffar%20es,b%C3%A1sicos%20de%20la%20zona%20donde
22. Saintila J, Villacís JE. Anthropometric nutritional status, socioeconomic status and academic performance in school children aged 6 to 12 years. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2020;40(1):74–81.
23. Shinsugi C, Gunasekara D, Gunawardena NK, Subasinghe W, Miyoshi M, Kaneko S, et al. Double burden of maternal and child malnutrition and socioeconomic status in urban Sri Lanka. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0224222.
24. Petrauskienė A, Žaltauskė V, Albavičiūtė E. Family socioeconomic status and nutrition habits of 7–8 year old children: cross-sectional Lithuanian COSI study. Italian J pediatrician. 2015;41:34.
25. Kovalskys I, Cavagnari BM, Zonis L, Favieri A, Guajardo V, Gerardi A, et al. Poverty as a determinant of food quality in Argentina. Results of the Argentine Study of Nutrition and Health (EANS). Nutr Hosp. 2020;37(1):114–22.
26. Tafesse T, Yoseph A, Mayiso K, Gari T. Factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Bensa District, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):51.
27. Peredo Videa R de los Á. The Biopsychosocial Value Of Early Childhood: Arguments In Favor Of Its Prioritization. Journal of Psychological Research. 2014;11:23–41.
28. Lamb ML, Longhi F, Cesani MF. Nutritional status and food assistance in urban schoolchildren in Tucumán, Argentina. Rev Esp Nutr Community. 2021;27(2).
29. Ahmad D, Afzal M, Imtiaz A. Effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children in Pakistan. Futur Bus J. 2020;6(1):30.
30. Allen L, Williams J, Townsend N, Mikkelsen B, Roberts N, Foster C, et al. Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(3):e277–89.
31. Sánchez-Urrea A, Izquierdo Rus T. Socioeconomic factors influencing nutritional health and physical activity of schoolchildren. Challenges. 2021;40:95–108.
32. Mkhize M, Sibanda M. A Review of Selected Studies on the Factors Associated with the Nutrition Status of Children Under the Age of Five Years in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7973.
33. Lipa Tudela L, Geldrech Sanchez P, Quilca Soto Y, Mamani-Coaquira H, Huanca-Arohuanca JW. Socioeconomic structure and eating habits in the nutritional status of students in southern Peru. Challenges. 2021;12(2):135–43.
34. Corvalán C, Garmendia ML, Jones-Smith J, Lutter CK, Miranda JJ, Pedraza LS, et al. Nutrition status of children in Latin America. Obes Rev. 2017;18(Suppl 2):7–18.
35. Muros JJ, Briones M, Rodríguez G, Bouzas PR, Giménez R, Cabrera-Vique C. Double burden of malnutrition in rural and urban Guatemalan schoolchildren. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(2):345–50.
36. Garraza M, Oyhenart USA Double burden of malnutrition, composition and body proportion in schoolchildren in the peri-urban area of Guaymallén, Mendoza. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2020;40(4):99–107.
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Published
Jun 22, 2023
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Anthony Joshua Rivadeneira Garzón, Aurora Cristina Marín Ramones, María Mercedes Rea Caldas, Maria Isabel Herrera Jaramillo, & José Ricardo Charry Ramírez. (2023). Nutritional Status And Its Relationship With Socioeconomic Level In Schoolchildren Of The Uunt Wichim Community, Seville Don Bosco Parish. Morona Santiago, 2023. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(15), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.15.048
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