Performance Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal through Vertical Scale Bed Adsorption Process
Main Article Content
Keywords
Vertical Scale Bed, Heavy Metal Adsorption, Stimulation Analysis
Abstract
The removal of congo red dye was found to be 99.9% removal at the optimum contact time 130 minutes at pH4 of the synthetic solution at a dosage of 6g/1000ml and at an agitation rate of 150rpm.From the design perspective the results were subjected to modeling of two domains, isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) modeling and kinetic (Pseudo First order, Pseudo Second order and Intra particle Diffusion) modeling. Further after the adsorption studies post characterization was carried out on the nanoparticles using Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy – EDAX analysis, FTIR and TEM analysis. From the observation of the results it was confirmed that both lead and zinc has been adsorbed to cobalt ferrite and manganese ferrite nanoparticles in significant amount. Regeneration studies has been attempted for the Vertical Scale Bed Removal from the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by showing the variation in time of contact and the normality of sodium hydroxide and it was noted that the re-extraction of the contaminant was found to be linear with the above operating parameters. To check the efficiency of the selected adsorbent the continuous mode Vertical Scale Bed studies were carried out for synthetic lead, zinc and congo red dye solutions by varying bed depth and flow rate.
References
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3. Abbas Afkhami & Razieh Moosavi 2010, „Adsorptive removal of Congo red, a carcinogenic textile dye, from aqueous solutions by maghemite nanoparticles‟, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.174, pp.398-403.
4. Agnes Bee, Delphine Talbot, Sebastien Abramson & Vincent Dupuis 2011, „Magnetic
alginate beads for Pb(II) ions removal from wastewater‟, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.362,pp.486- 492.
5. Alemayehu Abebaw Mengistie, Siva Rao, T, Prasada Rao, AV& Malairajan Singanan 2008, „Removal of Lead(II)ions from aqueous solutions using activated carbon from Militia Ferruginea PlantLeaves‟, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, vol.22, no.3,pp.349-360.
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7. Andrea Kraus, Kunawoot Jainae, Faungfa Unob & Nipaka Sukpirom 2009, „Synthesis of MPTS cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and their adsorption properties in relation to Au(III)‟, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.338,pp.359-365.
8. Ayşe Selek Murathan, Atilla Murathan& Ahmet Yavuz Yücekutlu 2008, „Adsorption of Zinc ions on Fixed Bed‟, Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, vol.3, no.5,pp.422-425.
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12. Bottero, JY 1993, „Surface and textural heterogeneity of fresh hydrous ferric oxides in water and in dry state‟, Journal of Colloids and Interface Science, vol.159,pp.45-52.
13. Bottero, JY, Cases, JM, Fiessinger, F & Piorier, JE 1980, „Studies of hydrolyzed aluminium chloride solutions‟, 1. Nature of aluminium species and composition of aqueous solutions, Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.84, no.22,pp.2933-2937.
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15. Bottero, JY, Tchoubar, D, Cases, JM & Fiessinger, F 1982,
16. „Investigation of the hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of aluminium chloride‟, 2. Natur andstructure by small-angle X-ray scattering. Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.86, no.18, pp.3667-3673.
17. Charif Gakwisiri, Nitin Raut, Amal Al-Saadi, Shinoona Al-Aisri & Abrar Al-Ajmi 2012, „A critical review of removal of Zinc from wastewater‟, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, ISBN :978-988-19251-3-8,vol.1.
18. Chungsying Lu & Huantsung Chiu 2006, „Adsorption of Zinc(II) from water with purified carbon nanotubes‟, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.61,pp.1138-1145.
19. Curl,RF,Smalley,RE,Kroto,HW,O‟Brien,S&Health,JR2001,
20. „How the news that we were not the first to conceive of Soccer ball C-60 got to us‟, Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling, vol.19, no.2, pp.185-186.
21. Dabrowski, A 2001, „Adsorption – From theory to practice‟, Advances in Colloidal and Interface Science, vol.93,pp.135-224.
22. David Hendricks 2011, „Adsorption‟, Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes,pp.457-510.
23. Di,ZC,Li,YH,Luan,ZK&Liang,J2004,„Adsorptionofchromium
24. (VI) ions from water using carbon nanotubes‟, Adsorption Science and Technology,vol.22, no.6, pp.467-474.
25. Dilek (Yalcin) Duygu, Tulay Baykal, Đlkay Acikgoz& Kazım Yildiz 2009, „Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for biological studies‟,Gazi University Journal of Science, vol.22, no.3,pp.117-121.
26. Environmental Health Criteria 221 World health organization Geneva 2001,pp.1-349.
27. Fannin, PC, Marin, CN, Malaescu, I, Stefu, N, Vlazan, P, Novaconi, S, Sfirioaga, P, Popescu, S & Couper, C 2010,„Microwave adsorbent properties of nanosized cobalt ferrite powders prepared by coprecipitation and subjected to different thermal treatments‟, Materials and Design, vol.32, issue 3,pp.1600-1604.
28. Flavio A Pavan, Silvio LP Dias, Eder C Lima& Edilson V Benvenutti 2008, „Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by anilinepropylsilica xerogel‟, Dyes and Pigments, vol.76,pp.64-69.
29. Forgacs, E & Cserhati, T 2004, „Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters:areview‟,EnvironmentInternational,vol.30,pp.953-971.
30. Gao, JF, Zhang, Q, Su, K & Wang, JH 2010, „Comparitive biosorption of Yellow 2G and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G onto inactive aerobic granules: simultaneous determination of two dyes by first-order derivative spectrophotometry and isotherm studies‟, Bioresource Technology, vol.101,pp.5793-5801.
31. Ghaedi, M, Ramazani, S & Roosta, M 2011, „Gold nanoparticle loaded activated carbon as
novel adsorbent for the removal of Congo red‟, vol.4, no.10,pp.1208-1217.
32. Gholamreza Moussavi & Maryam Mahmoudi 2009, „Removal of azo and anthraquinone reactive dyes from industrial wastewaters using MgO nanoparticles‟, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.168, pp.806- 812.
33. Gidlow, DA 2004,„In-Depth Review Lead toxicity‟,Occupational Medicine, vol.54,pp.76–81.
34. Glenn, JC 2006, „Nanotechnology:Future military environmental health considerations‟, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.73, no.2,pp.128-137.
35. Gupta, SC & Kapoor, VK, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons ISBN:978-81-8054-528-3,pp.11.1-11.26.
36. Gupta, VK & Suhas 2009, „Application of low cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review‟, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.90, pp.2313-2342.
37. HaiderM Zwain, Mohammadtaghi Vakili & Irvan Dahlan 2014,„Waste material adsorbents for Zinc removal from wastewater: A comprehensive review‟, International Journal of Chemical Engineering,pp.1-13.
38. Hsieh, SH& Horng, JJ 2007,„Adsorption behaviour of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al2O3 particles‟, Journal of University of Science and Technology,vol.14, issue 1, pp.77-84.
39. Igwe,JC,Ogunewe,DN&Abia,AA2005,„Comparitiveadsorptionof Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous and non aqueous solution by maiz cob and rice husk‟, African Journal of Biotechnology, vol.4, no.10,pp.1113-1116.
40. Iman Mobasherpour, Esmail Salahi & Aliasjodi 2014, „Research onthe batch and fixed-bed column performance of red mud adsorbents for lead removal‟, vol.2, issue 1,pp.83-96.
41. Imran Ali 2012, „New Generation Adsorbents for Water treatment‟, Chemical Reviews, vol.112,pp.5073-5091.
42. Indra Deo Mall, Vimal Chandra Srivastava, Nitin Kumar Agarwal * Indra Mani Mishra 2005, „Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by bagasse flyash and activated carbon: Kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses‟, Chemosphere, vol.61,pp.492-501.
43. Irfan Elahi, Rabab Zahira, Kiren Mehmood, Arifa Jamil & Nasir Amin 2012, „Co-precipitation synthesis, Physical and magnetic properties of manganese ferrite powder‟, African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol.6, no.1,pp.1-5.
44. Jameel M Dhabab 2011, „Removal of Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by duckweed‟, Journal of Oceanography and Marine Science, vol. 2, no.1,pp.17-22.
45. Jayaraj, R, Jeyasingh Thanaraj, P, ThillaiNatarajan, S & Martin Deva Prasath, P 2011,„Removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution using acid activated Eco-Friendly Low cost Carbon prepared from marine algae Valoria bryopsis‟, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, vol.3, no.3,pp.389-396.
46. Jing Hu, Irene MC Lo & Guohua Chen 2007, „Comparitive study of various magnetic nanoparticles for Cr(VI) removal‟, Seperation and Purification Technology, vol.56,pp.249-256.
47. Julija Volmajer Valh & Alenka Majcen Le Marechal 2009,
48. „Decoloration of textile wastewaters‟, Dyes and Pigments – New Research, pp. 190-199.
49. Jyoti Sharma & Beena Janveja 2008, „A study on removal of Congo red dye from the effluents of Textile Industry using Rice Husk carbon activated by steam‟, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, vol.1, no.4, pp.936-942.
50. Khayat Sarkar, Z& Khayat Sarkar, F 2013, „Selective removal of lead(II) Ion from wastewater using superparamagnetic Monodispersed Iron oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles as a effective adsorbent‟, vol.9,
no.2, pp.109-114.
51. Lenore S Clesceri, Arnold E Green berg & Andrew D Eaton 1998, Standard Methods for the Examination of water and wastewater 20th Edition,pp.3-21.
52. Liu, G 2005, „The preparation of Zn2+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles by sol-gel and solid phase reaction methods respectively and their photocatalytic activities‟, Chemosphere, vol.59, no.9,pp.1367.
53. Lixia Wang, Jianchen Li, Yingqi Wang& Lijun Zhao2012,„Adsorption capability for Congo red on nanocrystalline MFe2O4 (M=Mn, Fe, Co,Ni) spinel ferrites‟, Chemical Engineering Journal,vol.181, pp.72- 79.
54. Maaz, K, Arif Mumtaz, Hasanian, SK& Abdullah Ceylan 2007,„Synthesis and magnetic properties of Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles prepared by Wet chemical route‟, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.308, issue 2,pp.289-295.
55. Martin, CR & Mitchell, DT 1998, „Nanomaterials in analytical chemistry‟, Analytical Chemistry, vol.70, no.9,pp.322A-327A
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Jun 20, 2023
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R. Santhosh Kumar, & S. Kalaiselvi. (2023). Performance Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal through Vertical Scale Bed Adsorption Process. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(15), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.15.022
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