Leadership Styles and its Impact on Employee Performance: An empirical investigation of Riyadh Private Hospitals
Main Article Content
Keywords
Leadership styles, Saudi Arabia, Transformational, Transactional, Authoritative
Abstract
The type of leadership used in an organization has a significant impact on employee performance and productivity. Transformational and transactional leadership are effective in enhancing employee performance, along with authentic and servant leadership. However, the effectiveness of different leadership styles may vary depending on cultural factors, and leaders should adjust their styles accordingly. A study was conducted in Saudi Arabia's healthcare sector to investigate the impact of different leadership styles on employee performance. The study revealed that transformational, transactional, and authoritative leadership styles had a positive impact on employee performance, whereas laissez-faire leadership did not. The study also found that age, gender, and education level influenced leadership style preferences. Organizations should offer leadership training and development to employees at all levels, considering the education level's effect on leadership style preferences.
References
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2. Alghamdi, A. A., Algarni, A. A., & Saeed, S. A. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employee engagement in Saudi Arabian hospitals: A comparative study. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(3), 124-139.
3. Al-Mahmoud, S., & Ali, A. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership style on employee job satisfaction and commitment: A study of healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 13(3), 136-144.
4. Alkhaldi, S., & Mgbemena, C. (2020). Exploring the relationship between transformational leadership, employee engagement, and service quality in the Saudi Arabian private healthcare sector. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 12, 65-75.
5. Alkhaldi, S., Mgbemena, C., & Alghamdi, R. (2021). The impact of leadership styles on employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions in the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 13, 45-55.
6. Al-Malki, M., Gharbi, A., & Al-Dhafiri, A. (2012). The relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance in public sector organizations in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 92-104.
7. Almutairi, A. F., McCarthy, A., & Gardner, G. E. (2018). Understanding cultural competence in a multicultural nursing workforce: Registered nurses' experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(1), 18-27.
8. Almuzaini, N. S., & Alfallaj, F. A. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Saudi Arabia's private hospitals. Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 5(4), 231-239.
9. Alqurashi, F. M., & Almutairi, A. F. (2019). Nurse managers' leadership styles and their perceived effectiveness in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: A correlational study. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 9(5), 19-29.
10. Alshammari, F. A. (2020). The relationship between servant leadership and employee job satisfaction in the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 12, 39-48.
11. Alzahrani, M. A. (2021). The impact of leadership styles on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Saudi Arabian healthcare organizations. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 13, 109-117.
12. Alsulami, N. M., & Aljohani, M. S. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction: A case study of Saudi Arabian hospitals. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 4(1), 23-29.
13. Amussah, B. (2017). Leadership styles and employee performance: a review. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(32), 1-10. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/35511/36489
14. Azim, M. T., & Islam, J. U. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employee performance in Saudi Arabian healthcare organizations: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Journal of Health Management, 22(2), 188-200.
15. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421-449.
16. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
17. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
18. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
19. Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.
20. Chen, G., Sharma, P. N., Edinger, S. K., Shapiro, D. L., & Farh, J. L. (2014). Motivating and demotivating forces in teams: cross-level influences of empowering leadership and relationship conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 681-694.
21. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
22. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
23. Cummings, G. G., & McLennan, S. (2019). Leadership practices and staff nurses' intent to stay: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(8), 1649-1660.
24. Dvir, T., & Shamir, B. (2003). Follower developmental characteristics as predicting transformational leadership: An empirical study. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(3), 327-342.
25. Gouda, S., & Hazazi, A. (2017). The impact of leadership style on job satisfaction and mediating role of perceived organizational politics. Journal of Business and Management, 19(8), 1-12.
26. Khan, N. A., & Alhassan, A. M. (2018). Leadership styles and employee turnover intention in Saudi Arabian healthcare organizations. Journal of Health Management, 20(2), 183-196.
27. Khan, N. A., & Alvi, S. A. (2021). The impact of leadership styles on employee performance in the Saudi Arabian healthcare sector: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Health Management, 23(1), 29-42.
28. Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.
29. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177.
30. Mahmood, A., & Ali, R. (2021). The impact of leadership styles on employee performance in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Management Science Letters, 11(7), 1703-1710.
31. Northouse, P. G. (2019). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Sage Publications.
32. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3-72.
33. Rahman, H., Raza, S. A., & Bakar, R. A. (2021). Transformational leadership style and employee performance: An empirical investigation of private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Health Management, 23(1), 1-14.
34. Raosoft. (2022). Sample size calculator. Retrieved January 22, 2022, from http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
35. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students. Pearson Education.
36. Stogdill, R. M. (1950). Leadership, membership, and organization. Psychological Bulletin, 47(1), 1-14.
37. Suliman, A. M., & Al-Shaikh, F. N. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Social Science Research, 2(3), 51-59.
38. Yamani, N. (2018). Leadership styles and organizational commitment: Literature review. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 21, 1-11.
39. Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson.
40. Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126.
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Published
Jun 20, 2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Saad AlFlayyeh, & Abdulaziz Bakheet M Alghamdi. (2023). Leadership Styles and its Impact on Employee Performance: An empirical investigation of Riyadh Private Hospitals. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(15), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.15.003
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