Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain in diabetic foot infection patients in Basrah, Iraq
Main Article Content
Keywords
shigatoxin, Enterohemorgic E. coli ,Hi-Chrome EC O157:H7, ECVt1
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are defined by the typical triad of neuropathy, ischemia, and infection. The shigatoxin, Enterohemorgic E. coli, is considered one of the most dangerous types of toxins caused by a strain of E. coli O157:H7 for diabetic foot patients, which is transmitted through contamination with it, causing uremic hemolytic syndrome and renal failure for those with impaired kidney function.
To detect virulence factors, medium-high chrom was used after addition of supplements; serotyping was used; and it was revealed by the molecular method using the specific gene ECVt1.
This study showed a strain on Hi-Chrome medium, and the colonies showed a dark purple color after the addition of its supplement, Novoboicin, and Calcium Tellurite. 16(38.09%) As for serotyping, the study showed a strain after purification on Maconkey sorbitol medium 7 (16.7%). The study revealed a gene, ECVt1, of this strain, 9 (21.43%), which has a size of 637 bp.
Do not use antibiotics for this strain, as they will increase its toxicity and may lead to death.
The chromogenic substrate is broken down by E. coli O157:H7 and produces a dark purple to magenta-colored moiety. Samples were cultured on MacConkey sorbitol agar for the purpose of testing them serologically to ensure the appearance of E. coli. O157:H7, where the colonies are not sorbitol fermented Genetic detection confirmed the existence of the gene ECVt1 belonging to enterohememorragic E. coli, the main cause of this strain O157:H7
References
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28. Torti, J. F., Cuervo, P., Nardello, A., & Pizarro, M. (2021). Epidemiology and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Argentina. 13(8). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17213.
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33. Zhang, L., Ni, C., Xu, W., Dai, T.and Yang, D. (2016) Intramacrophage Infection.
2. Abdulrazzaq, K. M., Oain, M. S., Majeed, H. M., & Alhyani, O. H. (2021). Molecular detection of rfbO157, shiga toxins and hemolysin genes for Escherichia coli O157: H7 from canine feces in Tikrit and Mosul cities, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 35(2), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2020.126831.1392.
3. Adzitey, F., Huda, N., & Ali, G. R. R. (2013).Molecular techniques for detecting and typing of bacteria, advantages and application to foodborne pathogens isolated from ducks. 3 Biotech, 3(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0074-4
4. Albadri, A. T. J. (2021). No TitleCharacterization and Molecular study to detect Multidrug Resistance Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Wasit Province. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12971.57121
5. AL-Shatty, S. sabih george N. A. A.-A. H. S. M. H. (2016). Isolation and identification of E.coli o157:H7 bacteria and study the number of total coliform and E.coli in fresh beef meat in Basra city. Dhi Qar University Journal, 1, 1–4.
6. Antony A.C., Paul M.K., Silvester R., Aneesa P.A., Suresh K., Divya P.S., Paul S., Fathima P.A., Abdulla M.H. (2016). Comparative evaluation of EMB agar and Hicrome E. coli agar for differentiation of green metallic sheen producing non E. coli and typical E. coli colonies from food and environmen- tal samples. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 10: 2863-2870. [DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.10.4.48]
7. Aruoah, M. K. (2021). The role of Zinc and Vitamin C in the improvement of some biochemical parameters in Diabetic foot ulcer patients. In Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Science Department of Biology. A Thesis Submitted to Council of College of Science, University of Baghdad, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology / Zoology.
8. Batt, C. A. (2019). Escherichia Coli: Escherichia coli. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology: Second Edition, 688–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00100-
9. Braz, V. S., Melchior, K., & Moreira, C. G. (2020). Escherichia coli as a Multifaceted Pathogenic and Versatile Bacterium. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10(December), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.548492.
10. Clark, A. E., Kaleta, E. J., Arora, A., & Wolk, D. M. (2013). Matrixassisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology. Clinical microbiology reviews, 26(3), 547-603.
11. Corogeanu D, Willmes R, Wolke M, Plum G, Utermöhlen O, Krönke M.( 2012) Therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics inhibit Shiga toxin release from enterohemorrhagic E. coli O104:H4 from the 2011 German outbreak. BMC Microbiol. 12:160
12. Divya, P. S., Paul, S., Fathima, P. A., & Abdulla, M. H. (2016). Comparative evaluation of EMB agar and hicrome E. coli agar for differentiation
of green metallic sheen producing non E. coli and typical E. Coli colonies from food and environmental samples. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 10(4), 2863-2870.
13. Downes F. P. and Ito K., (Ed.), 2001, CompendiumRappaport F. and Henigh E., 1952, J. (2015). HiCrome EC O157 : H7 Agar. American Public Health Association,.
14. Gambushe, S. M., Zishiri, O. T., & El Zowalaty, M. E. (2022). Review of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Heavy Metal and Antimicrobial Resistance, African Perspective. Infection and Drug Resistance, 15(June), 4645–4673. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S365269
15. Gharajalar, S. N., & Sofiani, V. H. (2017). Patterns of efflux pump genes among tetracycline resistance uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from human urinary infections. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.40884
16. Hanan A. A.(2022). Molecular Screening of Emergence Resistant Enterococci species among Patients in Al-Basrah, Iraq . A Thesis submitted to The College of Science, University of Basrah In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology/ Medical Microbiology.
17. Hano, B. K. (2019). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of extended spectrum-Lactamase producing by clinical Escherichia coli isolation from Baghdad city thesis submitted to the college council of health and medical technology as A partial Fulfilment of the Require Middle Technical University College of Health and Medical Technology/Baghdad.
18. Harkins, V. J., McAllister, D. A., & Reynolds, B. C. (2020). Shiga-Toxin E. coli Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Review of Management and Long-term Outcome. Current Pediatrics Reports, 8(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-020-00208-7.
19. hlad, P., Awati, B., Ramesh, B. K., Patil, N. A., Jaganath Rao, P. K., Tikare, V., Mallinath, K. C., Kharate, A., Suryakanth, P., Paramesh, N. B., & Revappayya, M. (2018). Influence of Age, Sex and Season on the Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Sheep and Goats of Hyderabad-Karnataka Region, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(06), 2896–2904. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.341
20. Ibrahim, R. A. – J. (2018). Study of Some Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus species Isolated from Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections in Basrah City. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Basrah
21. Jenkins, C., Perry, N. T., Godbole, G., & Gharbia, S. (2020). Evaluation of chromogenicselective agar ( CHROMagar STEC ) for the direct detection of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli from faecal specimens. 487–491. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001136.
22. Kudva, I. T., & Biernbaum, E. N, (2022). from Shiga Toxins. 1–29. https://doi.org//doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010062
23. Mody RK, Gu W, Griffin PM, Jones TF, Rounds J, Shiferaw B,( 2015) et al. Post diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome in United States children: clinical Spectrum and predictors of in-hospital death. J Pediatr. 166:1022–9.
24. Mohseni, M., Djawadi, B., & Khazaei, N. (2022). Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Its Effect on Human Health. In (Ed.), Escherichia coli - Old and New Insights [Working Title]. Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101825.
25. Naser, L. A., Mahdi, K. H., & Almazini, M. A. (2015). Determination the Effect of ST Enterotoxin Isolated from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains on Colon Cancer from Diarrhea Patients in Basra Hospitals. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5, 2742–2756.
26. Neema .A. A. (2022). Molecular Investigation of Escherichia coli From Cancer Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Basrah A Thesis Submitted to the Council of the College of Science, University of Basrah in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Biology Medical Bacteriology .
27. Pitocco, D., Spanu, T., Di Leo, M., Vitiello, R., Rizzi, A., Tartaglione, L., Fiori, B., Caputo, S., Tinelli, G., Zaccardi, F., Flex, A., Galli, M., Pontecorvi, A., & Sanguinetti, M. (2019). Diabetic foot infections: A comprehensive overview. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 23(2), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.26355/EURREV_201904_17471
28. Torti, J. F., Cuervo, P., Nardello, A., & Pizarro, M. (2021). Epidemiology and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Argentina. 13(8). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17213.
29. Uelze, L., Grützke, J., Borowiak, M., Hammerl, J. A., Juraschek, K., Deneke, C., Tausch, S. H., & Malorny, B. (2020). Typing methods based on whole genome sequencing data. One Health Outlook, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-020-0010-1.
30. Use, I. (2020). RIM E . coli O157 : H7 Latex Test. Remel Inc., 1–2.
31. Younis, W., Hassan, S., & Mohamed, H. M. A. (2021). Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples with regard to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Veterinary World, 14(9), 2410–2418. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2410-2418.
32. Yu, D., Banting, G., & Neumann, N. F. (2021). A review of the taxonomy, genetics, and biology of the genus escherichia and the type species escherichia coli. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 67(8), 553–571. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0508
33. Zhang, L., Ni, C., Xu, W., Dai, T.and Yang, D. (2016) Intramacrophage Infection.
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Jun 4, 2023
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How to Cite
Zainab Mohammed Hussein, Lina Abbas Naser, & Abdulhussein Khudair Marzoq. (2023). Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain in diabetic foot infection patients in Basrah, Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(13), 346–353. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.13.035
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