The Dual Role of Adiponectin and Leptin in Type 2 Diabetes
Main Article Content
Keywords
Insulin Resistance, Adiponectin, Leptin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Biomarkers
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent metabolic condition, is characterised by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion, which leads to elevated blood sugar levels. Adipose tissue secretes two hormones called adiponectin and leptin., play significant roles in metabolic regulation. In this work, the role of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is examined. The study included 90 participants, comprising of 30 healthy individuals and 60 patients with T2DM, were selected. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and Various parameters were assessed through the analysis of blood samples.. T2DM patients exhibited lower adiponectin levels and higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls. Additionally, they demonstrated higher levels of parameters measured in blood samples, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Age, body mass index (BMI), leptin, FBG, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c all had favourable relationships with adiponectin. Conversely, it exhibited a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein levels. Leptin correlated positively with age, BMI, adiponectin, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Adiponectin and leptin hold potential as diagnostic markers for T2DM. Understanding their interactions is crucial for developing targeted therapies and effective type 2 diabetes mellitus management.
References
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10. Gdsteinol, N., Haim, Y., Mattar, P., Hadadi-Bechor, S., Maixner, N., Kovacs, P., Blüher, M., & Rudich, A. (2019). Leptin stimulates autophagy/lysosome-related degradation of long-lived proteins in adipocytes. Adipocyte, 8(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/21623945.2019.1569447
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18. Magliano, D. J., Sacre, J. W., Harding, J. L., Gregg, E. W., Zimmet, P. Z., & Shaw, J. E. (2020). Young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus - implications for morbidity and mortality. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 16(6), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41574-020-0334-Z
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20. Osei, K., Gaillard, T., & Schuster, D. (2005). Plasma Adiponectin Levels in High Risk African-Americans with Normal Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetes**. Obesity Research, 13(1), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1038/OBY.2005.23
21. Owecki, M., Miczke, A., Nikisch, E., Pupek-Musialik, D., & Sowiski, J. (2011). Serum resistin concentrations are higher in human obesity but independent from insulin resistance. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 119(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1263111/ID/42
22. Özkan, E. A., Sadigov, A., & Öztürk, O. (2022). Evaluation of Serum Omentin-1, Vaspin, Leptin, Adiponectin Levels in Obese/Overweight Children and Their Relationship With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clinical Nutrition Research, 11(3), 194. https://doi.org/10.7762/CNR.2022.11.3.194
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24. Papargyri, P., Zapanti, E., Salakos, N., Papargyris, L., Bargiota, A., & Mastorakos, G. (2018). Links between HPA axis and adipokines: clinical implications in paradigms of stress-related disorders. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17446651.2018.1543585, 13(6), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2018.1543585
25. Patti, M. E., & Kahn, B. B. (2004). Nutrient sensor links obesity with diabetes risk. Nature Medicine 2004 10:10, 10(10), 1049–1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1004-1049
26. Reinehr, T., Roth, C., Menke, T., & Andler, W. (2004). Adiponectin before and after Weight Loss in Obese Children. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(8), 3790–3794. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2003-031925
27. Samuel, V. T., Petersen, M. C., Gassaway, B. M., Vatner, D. F., Rinehart, J., & Shulman, G. I. (2019). Considering the Links Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: Revisiting the Role of Protein Kinase C ε. Hepatology, 70(6), 2217–2220. https://doi.org/10.1002/HEP.30829
28. Sarwar, N., Aspelund, T., Eiriksdottir, G., Gobin, R., Seshasai, S. R. K., Forouhi, N. G., Sigurdsson, G., Danesh, J., & Gudnason, V. (2010). Markers of Dysglycaemia and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in People without Diabetes: Reykjavik Prospective Study and Systematic Review. PLOS Medicine, 7(5), e1000278. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1000278
29. Segal, K. R., Landt, M., & Klein, S. (1996). Relationship between insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin concentration in lean and obese men. Diabetes, 45(7), 988–991. https://doi.org/10.2337/DIAB.45.7.988
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Jun 3, 2023
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Muna Sadeq Hameed, & Manal F. AL-Khakani. (2023). The Dual Role of Adiponectin and Leptin in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(13), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.13.021
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