Diagnostic Validity of Urinary Mucosal Anti – Salmonella typhi OMP Antibodies as Compared to Systemic Responses in Typhoid Patients
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anti – Salmonella typhi, Antibodies, Typhoid Patients
Abstract
Outer membrane protein [OMP] 55kDa and 62kDa antigen was identified from S. typhi and was loaded onto tanned Sheep’s RBCs and be the diagnostic antigen for typhoid. Urine and blood samples were collected from 60 typhoid patients and 30 control individuals. Urinary Mucosal globulins [UMG] were separated from urine samples by PEG 6000 6%. Biuret color reaction was used to identify urinary mucosal globulins UMG. Sera were saved from patients and control blood samples. OMP antigen was titrated with UMG and sera using Passive hem-agglutination [PHA]as compared to S. typhi “O” and “H” titrated with UMG and sera by standard agglutination [AG], the classical Widal test. Titers were affixed for both of the tests. Sensitivity and specificity indices were calculated for AG and PHA. OMP – PHA was found to be more specific and sensitive than Widal. The majority of typhoid patients were showing anti -OMP, anti- O and anti- H antibodies both and mucosal and systemic compartment. OMP – PHA and Widal be of use as a battery for serodiagnosis and herd immunity of typhoid patients. The novelty of this study was the suggestion that urinary mucosal immunity can be used for typhoid diagnosis when patients systemic immune responses were negative.
References
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27. Salama, R.I. and Said, N.M., (2019). A Comparative Study of the Typhidot (Dot-EIA) versus Widal Test in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever among Egyptian Patients. Op. J. Gastroenterol., 9(06): 91.
28. Mussa A. 2011. Reassessment of Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever. Diyala . J . Med. 1 (2) : 13.
29. Majeed, K.A. and Noomi, B.S. (2017). Evaluate the efficiency of Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid Fever in arriving patients to Kirkuk hospitals. Tikrit J. Pure Sci., 22(11), pp.1
30. Shnawa I, Al-Sadi M ( 2001 ) .Gut mucosal immunoglobulin: Separation ,partial characterization and utility as Infection probe.Iraq.J.Micrbiol.13(3): 57-70.
31. Giamarellou H (1984). Antibody coated bacteria in urine;when and why?journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,13(2): 95-99.
32. Costantini, V, Cooper, E, Hardaker, H, Lee, L, DeBess, E, Cieslak, P, Hall, A, Vinjé, J (2020). Humoral and mucosal immune responses to human norovirus in the elderly. J. of Infect. Dis., 221(11): 1864-1874.
33. Bagga, B, Cehelsky, J, Vaishnaw, A, Wilkinson, T, Meyers, R, Harrison, L, Roddam, P, Walsh, E, DeVincenzo, J (2015). Effect of preexisting serum and mucosal antibody on experimental respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge and infection of adults. J. Infect. Dis., 212(11): 1719-1725.
34. Blanchard, T, Nedrud, J, Reardon, E, Czinn, S (1999). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the local and systemic antibody response in mice and humans with Helicobacter immunity and infection. J. Infect. Dis., 179(3): 725-728.
35. Shnawa I (2014) .Individual variations and human herd immunity J. Nat. Sci. Res. 4(8): 31-38.
36. Shnawa, I, Aljanabi, I, ALMohana A , Busisi HA, Abiaes AA (2020). Functional Lapin-Human Simulation of Knee Joint Synovial Mucosal Cytokine Responses in Staphylococcus Aureus Septic Arthritis. Ind. J. Publc Heal. Res. & Develop., 11(3): 1543-1548.
2. Verma G, Rajgopal SK, Kashyap P, Sharma U (2022). Case report on typhoid patients. JCIMCR 3:1706.doi.org/10.52768/2766-7820/1206.
3. Sharma T, Bhatnagar S, Tiwari A. (2018). "Typhoid Diagnostics: Looking Beneath the Surface". J. Clin. Diag. Res. 12(9): 1-7.
4. Parry, C, Wijedoru, L, Arjyal, A, Baker, S. (2011). The utility of diagnostic tests for enteric fever in endemic locations. Exp. Rev. Anti-infect. Ther. 9, 711-725.
5. Altai, Al- Hussain H, Doiphoda S, Al-Thari A and Yassine H. (2019). Urine tests for infectious disease and antibiotic resistant pathogens. Krrmusaoglu S Bhardwa SB eds. Pathog. Bact. Intch-Open.
6. Lakawa SR, Salma WO , Parnamasari Y (2019). Detection of Salmonella typhi in urine 6 – 12 years old children in the region of southeast Sulawesi using PCR method. Int.J.Sci.:Appl.Res.45(1):175-182.
7. Choivumpa W, Ruangkunaporn Y, Burr D (1992). Detection of typhoid fever by detection of Salmonella typhi antigen in urine. J. Clin. Microbial 30 (9): 25 (3-25)5.
8. Nugraha J, Anggraini R, Prithemtini et al. (2018). Antigen OMP Salmonella typhi phage which react specifically with antibody of typhoid fever patients….
9. Darlow C A, Dold C, Gibani MM (2017). A new Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA for Vi antigen as a potential diagnosis for infection by a Salmonella typhi OFID 4 (Suppl.1). 5605.
10. Naylor G, Cladwell R (1953). The origin of Urinary Antibodies, J. Hyg. (London), 51(2): 245-257.
11. Median JA, Rabelo D, Alves MC (2021). Lupus can be caused by asymptomatic Salmonella in bladder. Res . Rev . Insight 5:1-2. Doi.10.19761/RR1.1000162.
12. Puente J, Verdugo‐Rodríguez A, Calva E. (1991). Expression of Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli OmpC is influenced differently by medium osmolarity; dependence on Escherichia coli OmpR. Mol. Microbiol. 5, 1205-1210.
13. Pérez-Toledo, M., Valero-Pacheco, N., Pastelin-Palacios, R., Gil-Cruz, C., Perez-Shibayama, C., Moreno-Eutimio, M.A., Becker, I., Pérez-Tapia, S.M., Arriaga-Pizano, L., Cunningham, A.F. and Isibasi, A.,( 2017). Salmonella Typhi porins OmpC and OmpF are potent adjuvants for T-dependent and T-independent antigens. Front. Immunol 8, p.230.
14. Carreno J M, Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C , et al. (2017).Evolution of Salmonella typhi outer membrane protein specific T and B cell responses in human following oral Ty21a vaccination:A randomized clinical trial. Plos One 12(6):pe.0178669.
15. Najib, M. A., Mustaffa, K. M. F., Ong, E. B. B., Selvam, K., Khalid, M. F., Awang, M. S., Zambry, N. S., Manaf, A. A., Bustami, Y., Hamzah, H. H., Ismail, A. & Aziah, I. (2021). Performance of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens, 10, 11
16. Chiwan, A.H., Shnawa, I.M. and Abd, F.G., (2023). Genome DNA Sequencing, Phylogenetic Dendrogram and Outer Membrane Protein Separation Studies of Local Najaf S. typhi Isolates/Iraq. HIV Nursing, 23(1), pp.1125-1128.
17. Stevens, C.D. and Miller, L.E., 2016. Clinical Immunology and Serology: A Laboratory Perspective. 3rd ed. FA Davis.115,116,137-144.
18. Mehdi M S.2000.The Role of Secretory Immunity In Persistent Pyuria Patients.MSC Thesis,Biology Department,College of Science,University of Babylon.
19. Coovadia, Y, Singh, V, Bhana, R, Moodley, N (1986). Comparison of passive haemagglutination test with Widal agglutination test for serological diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area. J. Clin. Pathol. 39(6): 680-683.
20. Jamil K (2019). The Comparison of The Clinical Symptoms of Thypoid Fever in Adult Patients (Tubex vs Widal) in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indone. Trop. Med. J. 4(1). 34 – 42.
21. Lelei W, Nyerere A, Onsare R, Kariuki S (2019). Performance of TUBEX® TF IgM Antibody Test Against Culture to Detect Typhoid Fever Among Hospitalized Patients in Nairobi County. J. Biol., Agricul. and HealthCare, 9(4): 48-54.
22. Khan, K, Qureshi, S, Ehtisham, S (2021). Comparison of the performance of Tubex® TF, widal immunodiagnostic assay and blood culture in diagnosis of enteric fever in a private tertiary care hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. JPMA., 71(3): 909-911.
23. Sarma, A, Barkataki D (2019). Comparative Study Of Blood Culture with Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Diagnosis Of Enteric Fever In A Tertiary Centre Of NE-India. JMS SKIMS, 22(3): 21-26.
24. GIDUDU S, Nakavuma, J, Muhanguzi, D, Mutebi F, Itabangi, H, Iramiot, J (2022). Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda. F1000Research, 11(319), p.319.
25. Shahapur, P, Shahapur, R., Nimbal, A., Suvvari, T.K., Silva, R.G. and Kandi, V., (2021). Traditional Widal agglutination test versus rapid immunochromatographic test in the diagnosis of enteric fever: a prospective study from South India. Cureus 13(10).
26. Adhikari, A., Rauniyar, R., Raut, P.P., Manandhar, K.D. and Gupta, B.P., (2015). Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of ELISA against Widal test for typhoid diagnosis in endemic population of Kathmandu. BMC Infect. Dis., 15, pp.1-7.
27. Salama, R.I. and Said, N.M., (2019). A Comparative Study of the Typhidot (Dot-EIA) versus Widal Test in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever among Egyptian Patients. Op. J. Gastroenterol., 9(06): 91.
28. Mussa A. 2011. Reassessment of Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever. Diyala . J . Med. 1 (2) : 13.
29. Majeed, K.A. and Noomi, B.S. (2017). Evaluate the efficiency of Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid Fever in arriving patients to Kirkuk hospitals. Tikrit J. Pure Sci., 22(11), pp.1
30. Shnawa I, Al-Sadi M ( 2001 ) .Gut mucosal immunoglobulin: Separation ,partial characterization and utility as Infection probe.Iraq.J.Micrbiol.13(3): 57-70.
31. Giamarellou H (1984). Antibody coated bacteria in urine;when and why?journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,13(2): 95-99.
32. Costantini, V, Cooper, E, Hardaker, H, Lee, L, DeBess, E, Cieslak, P, Hall, A, Vinjé, J (2020). Humoral and mucosal immune responses to human norovirus in the elderly. J. of Infect. Dis., 221(11): 1864-1874.
33. Bagga, B, Cehelsky, J, Vaishnaw, A, Wilkinson, T, Meyers, R, Harrison, L, Roddam, P, Walsh, E, DeVincenzo, J (2015). Effect of preexisting serum and mucosal antibody on experimental respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge and infection of adults. J. Infect. Dis., 212(11): 1719-1725.
34. Blanchard, T, Nedrud, J, Reardon, E, Czinn, S (1999). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the local and systemic antibody response in mice and humans with Helicobacter immunity and infection. J. Infect. Dis., 179(3): 725-728.
35. Shnawa I (2014) .Individual variations and human herd immunity J. Nat. Sci. Res. 4(8): 31-38.
36. Shnawa, I, Aljanabi, I, ALMohana A , Busisi HA, Abiaes AA (2020). Functional Lapin-Human Simulation of Knee Joint Synovial Mucosal Cytokine Responses in Staphylococcus Aureus Septic Arthritis. Ind. J. Publc Heal. Res. & Develop., 11(3): 1543-1548.
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Jun 1, 2023
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Ameer H.R. Chiwan, & Ibrahim M.S. Shnawa. (2023). Diagnostic Validity of Urinary Mucosal Anti – Salmonella typhi OMP Antibodies as Compared to Systemic Responses in Typhoid Patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(12), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.12.012
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