Investigating the biochemical parameters and bone mineral density in active and sedentary adults
Main Article Content
Keywords
biochemical parameters, football player, sedentary, bone mineral density
Abstract
Propose: This study aims to identify the change in the relationship between biochemical parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with different sex and lifestyles.
Methods: The sample group of the study consists of football players and sedentary men and women in the 18-25 age group, 80 participants in total. The participants were tested in terms of certain biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate and bone mineral density (BMD). Multidimensional Scaling Technique was used in investigating the relations between BMD and biochemical parameters.
Results: Results of Multidimensional Scaling Analysis showed that there was a strong relationship in all groups between T and Z scores and other parameters except vitamin B12 and glucose levels.
Conclusions: The biochemical parameters related to bone, muscle and heart health in football players were found more normal than sedentary group. While no significant gender-related difference was identified among the groups in terms of the relationship between BMD, T and Z scores of lumbar and femur areas and biochemical parameters.
References
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31. Sarıfakıoğlu B, Yalbuzdağ ŞA, Güzelant AY, Afşar Sİ, Ustaömer K. Vitamin D Related Musculoskeletal System Findings. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2015; 21: 113- 7.
32. Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Urscheler N.Muscle strength in the elderly: its relation to vitamin D metabolites. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1999; 80: 54- 58.
33. Visser M, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Clin Endocrinol Meta 2003; 88: 5766- 5772.
34. Valtuena J, Dominguez D, Til L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Drobnic F. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among elite Spanish athletes the importance of outdoor training adaptation. Nutr Hosp 2014; 30(1): 124- 131.
35. Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength. gait and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 5912:2291- 300.
36. Lloyd T, Petit MA, Lin HM, Beck TJ. Lifestyle Factors and The Development of Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Young Wome. Journal of Pediatrics 2004; 144: 776- 782.
37. Cooper R, Naclerio F, Allgrove J. Creatine Supplementation with Specific View to Exercise/sports Performance: An Update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012; 9:33.
38. Pearson DR, Hamby DG, Russel W, Harris T. Long-term effects of creatine monohydrate on strength and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 1999;13: 187- 92.
39. Herrmann M, Schorr H, Obeid R, Urhausen A, Scharhag J, Kindermann W, Herrmann W. Homosisteine increases during endurance exercise. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41(11):1518- 1524.
40. König D, Bisse E, Deibert P, Müler HM, Wieland H, Berg A. Influence of training volume and acute physical exercise on the homocysteine levels in endurance-trained men: ınteractions with plasma folate and vitamin B12. Annuals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2003; 47: 114- 118.
41. Bailey DM, Davies B, Baker J. Training in hypoxia: modulation of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1058–1066.
42. Gaume V, Mougin F, Figard H, et al. Physical training decreases total plasma homocysteine and cysteine in middle-aged subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2005; 49: 125- 131.
43. Randeva HS, Lewandowski KC, Drzewoski J, et al. Exercise decreases plasma total homocysteine in overweight young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2002; 87(10): 4496- 4501.
44. Yilmaz N, Kepkep N, Cicek HK, Celik A, Meram I. Relation of Parity and Homocysteine to Bone Mineral Density of Postmenopausal Women. Clin Lab 2006; 52(1-2): 49-565
45. Zoladz JA, Duda K, Konturek SJ, Sliwowski Z, Pawlik T, Majeczak J. Effect of different muscule shortening velocities during prolonged incremental cycling exercise on the plasma growth hormone. insülin. glucose. glucagon. cortisol. leptin and lactate concentrations. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2002; 53(3): 409- 22.
46. Sütken E, Balköse N, Özdemir F, et al. Effects of Long Term Exercise on Leptin Levels in Professional Athletes. Turkish Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2006; 4(3): 115-120.
47. Aydın C, Gökdemir K, Cicioğlu İ. Assessment of Insulin and Blood Glucose Level After Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Journal of Sport Sciences Researches 2000;11 (1-2-3-4): 47- 55.
48. Boyd SG, Boone BE, Smith AR. Conner J, Dohm GL. Combined dietary chromium picolinate supplementation and an exercise program leads to a reduction of serum cholesterol and insulin in college-aged subjects. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1998; 9: 471- 475.
49. Karakaya, Y. E., Bingölbali, A., & Şahin, A. (2022). Cultural capital competencies of teachers in sports education: A mixed-method study. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 14(1), 191-203.
50. Mendeş, B., Bingölbali, A., & Şengül, M. (2022). The Effect of Blood Groups and Nutritional Habits of Different Classifications of Referees on the Success of Turkish Football Management. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2447-2456.
51. Karaca, Y., & Ilkim, M. (2021). Investigation of the attitudes distance education of the faculty of sport science students in the Covid-19 period. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(4), 114-129.
2. Bozkurt İ, Nizamlıoğlu M. The determination of the effects of addition of calcium and vitamin D on the bone mineral density and on some blood parameters of the sportsmen. J Int Environ Appl Sci 2006; 11(2): 80- 90.
3. Kırchner EM, Lewis RD, O’Connor PJ. Bone mineral density and dietary intake of female college gymnasts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1995; 21: 543 49.
4. Hagman M, Helge EW, Hornstrup T, et al. Bone mineral density in lifelong trained male football players compared with young and elderly untrained men. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018;7(2): 159-168.
5. Behringer M, Gruetzner S, McCourt M, Mester J. Effects of Weight‐Bearing Activities on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Children and Adolescents: A Meta‐Analysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2013; 29(2): 467-478.
6. Sindel D, Gula G. Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis. Turkısh Journal of Osteoporosıs 2015; 21:23-9.
7. Çevikol A, Umay E, Karaahmet Z, Avluk ÖÇ, Çakcı A. The Effects of Bisphosphonates Used Continually or Intermittently On Fractures, Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Parameters in Osteoporotic Patients. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosıs 2010; 16:1-8.
8. Alwan A, Rizkallah M, Maalouf G, et al. Positive Correlations Between Free Vitamin D and Bone Variables in a Group of Young Lebanese Men. Journal of Clinical Densitometry 2018;21(3): 459-461.
9. Rosalie AM Dhonukshe-Rutten, Martine Lips, Nynke de Jong, et al. Vitamin B-12 Status Is Associated with Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density in Frail Elderly Women but Not in Men. Nutrition and Aging 2003; 133(3): 801-807.
10. Urano T, Shiraki M, Saito M, Sasaki N, Ouchi Y, Inoue S. Polymorphism of SLC25A32, the folate transporter gene, isassociated with plasma folate levels and bone fractures in Japanese postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14:942–946.
11. Gjesdal CG, Vollset SE, Ueland PM, Refsum H, Meyer HE, Tell GS. Plasma Homocysteine, Folate, and Vitamin B12 and the Risk of Hip Fracture: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Journal of Bone and Mıneral Research 2007; 12(5): 474-756.
12. Çalık Y, Çalık AY. The Effect of Bone Mineral Density on Quality of Life in Men with Osteoporosis. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2015; 21: 10- 4.
13. Kemink SA, Hermus ARMM, Swinkles LMJW, Luttermann JA, Smals AGH. Osteopenia in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Prevalence and Aspects of Pathophysiology. J Endocrinol Invest 2000; 23: 295- 303.
14. Karagüzel G, Akçurin S, Özdem S, Boz A, Bircan İ. Bone Mineral Density and Alterations of Bone Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pediat Endoc Metabolism 2006; 19: 805- 814.
15. Southard KA, Southard TE, Schlechte JA, Meis PA. The Relationship Between the Density of the Alveoler Processes and that of Post Cranial Bone. J Dent Res 2000; 79: 964- 69.
16. Stransky M, Rysava L. Nutrition as prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Physiol Res.
17. 2009;58(1): 7- 11.
18. Onat ŞŞ, Delialioğlu SÜ, Özel S. The Relationship Between Osteoporotic Risk Factors and Bone Mineral Density. Turkısh Journal of Osteoporosıs 2013; 19: 74- 80.
19. Annie Schtscherbyna A, Ribeiro BG, Farias MLF. Bone Health. Bone Mineral Density and Sports Performance. Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance 2013; 75- 82.
20. Guan Y, Lu YH, Lei SF. Physical activites mediate the correlations between serum creatinine and bone mineral in Chinese. Clinica Chimica Acta 2022; 524: 25-33.
21. Troy KL, Mancuso ME. Exercise Early and Often: Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Women’s Bone Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018; 15 (5):878-890
22. Kohrt WM, Bloomfield SA, Little KD, Nelson ME, Yingling VR. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Physical activity and bone health. Medicine Science in Sports & Exercise 2004; 36: 1985- 1996.
23. Simoes D, Craveiro V, Santos MP, Cameos M, Pires B, Ramos E. The effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density: A longitudinal study on non-athlete adolecents. Elsevier/Bone 2021;153: 116151.
24. Alfredson H, Nordstrom P, Lorentzon R. Total and regional bone mass in female soccer players. Calcif Tissue Int 1996; 59: 43.
25. Pereira R, Krustrup P, Castagna C, et al. Effects of recreational team handball on bone health, postural balance and body composition in inactive postmenopausal women — A randomised controlled tria. Elsevier/Bone 2021; 145:115847.
26. Holick MF. Vitamin D: Important for Prevention of Osteoporosis. Cardiovascular Heart Disease. Type 1 Diabetes. Autoimmune Diseases. and Some Cancers. South Med J 2005; 98: 1024- 7
27. Özçelik DÇ, Koçer H, Kasım İ, Şencan İ, Kahveci R, Özkara A. Vitamin D. Turkish Medical Journal 2012; 62: 61- 67.
28. Holick MF. The Vitamin D Deficiency Pandemic and Consequences for Nonskeletal Health: Mechanisms of Action. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2008; 296: 361- 368. 29. Kutsal YG, Özgüçlü E, Karahan S. Effect of Wearing Style on Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2011; 17: 85- 88.
30. Lavie CJ, Lee JH, Milani RV. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease will it Live Up to its Hype? Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2011;58: 1547- 56.
31. Sarıfakıoğlu B, Yalbuzdağ ŞA, Güzelant AY, Afşar Sİ, Ustaömer K. Vitamin D Related Musculoskeletal System Findings. Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2015; 21: 113- 7.
32. Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Urscheler N.Muscle strength in the elderly: its relation to vitamin D metabolites. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1999; 80: 54- 58.
33. Visser M, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Clin Endocrinol Meta 2003; 88: 5766- 5772.
34. Valtuena J, Dominguez D, Til L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Drobnic F. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among elite Spanish athletes the importance of outdoor training adaptation. Nutr Hosp 2014; 30(1): 124- 131.
35. Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength. gait and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 5912:2291- 300.
36. Lloyd T, Petit MA, Lin HM, Beck TJ. Lifestyle Factors and The Development of Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Young Wome. Journal of Pediatrics 2004; 144: 776- 782.
37. Cooper R, Naclerio F, Allgrove J. Creatine Supplementation with Specific View to Exercise/sports Performance: An Update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012; 9:33.
38. Pearson DR, Hamby DG, Russel W, Harris T. Long-term effects of creatine monohydrate on strength and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 1999;13: 187- 92.
39. Herrmann M, Schorr H, Obeid R, Urhausen A, Scharhag J, Kindermann W, Herrmann W. Homosisteine increases during endurance exercise. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41(11):1518- 1524.
40. König D, Bisse E, Deibert P, Müler HM, Wieland H, Berg A. Influence of training volume and acute physical exercise on the homocysteine levels in endurance-trained men: ınteractions with plasma folate and vitamin B12. Annuals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2003; 47: 114- 118.
41. Bailey DM, Davies B, Baker J. Training in hypoxia: modulation of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1058–1066.
42. Gaume V, Mougin F, Figard H, et al. Physical training decreases total plasma homocysteine and cysteine in middle-aged subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2005; 49: 125- 131.
43. Randeva HS, Lewandowski KC, Drzewoski J, et al. Exercise decreases plasma total homocysteine in overweight young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2002; 87(10): 4496- 4501.
44. Yilmaz N, Kepkep N, Cicek HK, Celik A, Meram I. Relation of Parity and Homocysteine to Bone Mineral Density of Postmenopausal Women. Clin Lab 2006; 52(1-2): 49-565
45. Zoladz JA, Duda K, Konturek SJ, Sliwowski Z, Pawlik T, Majeczak J. Effect of different muscule shortening velocities during prolonged incremental cycling exercise on the plasma growth hormone. insülin. glucose. glucagon. cortisol. leptin and lactate concentrations. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2002; 53(3): 409- 22.
46. Sütken E, Balköse N, Özdemir F, et al. Effects of Long Term Exercise on Leptin Levels in Professional Athletes. Turkish Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2006; 4(3): 115-120.
47. Aydın C, Gökdemir K, Cicioğlu İ. Assessment of Insulin and Blood Glucose Level After Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise. Journal of Sport Sciences Researches 2000;11 (1-2-3-4): 47- 55.
48. Boyd SG, Boone BE, Smith AR. Conner J, Dohm GL. Combined dietary chromium picolinate supplementation and an exercise program leads to a reduction of serum cholesterol and insulin in college-aged subjects. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1998; 9: 471- 475.
49. Karakaya, Y. E., Bingölbali, A., & Şahin, A. (2022). Cultural capital competencies of teachers in sports education: A mixed-method study. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 14(1), 191-203.
50. Mendeş, B., Bingölbali, A., & Şengül, M. (2022). The Effect of Blood Groups and Nutritional Habits of Different Classifications of Referees on the Success of Turkish Football Management. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2447-2456.
51. Karaca, Y., & Ilkim, M. (2021). Investigation of the attitudes distance education of the faculty of sport science students in the Covid-19 period. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(4), 114-129.
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Published
May 13, 2023
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Karakuzulu M, Mendeş B, Çiçek H, Elboğa U, & Mendeş M. (2023). Investigating the biochemical parameters and bone mineral density in active and sedentary adults. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(11), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.11.020
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