L-Arginine Supplementation during Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Its Correlation with Fetal Outcome
Main Article Content
Keywords
IUGR, L-Arginine, neonatal outcome, oligohydramnios
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a syndrome wherein the fetal development is pathologically limited in utero, continues to be a significant public health risk, because it impacts not only the newborn phase, but also the adult phenotype and quality of life. The amino acid L-Arginine, which is necessary for human nutrition, is the precursor of nitric oxide. It plays a crucial function in fetal nourishment oxygenation, resulting in an improvement of intrauterine growth restriction, an increase in birth weight, and a decrease in neonatal morbidity and death. A prospective observational study was conducted, with a sample size of 124 patients suffering from IUGR and prescribed with L-Arginine, during the period of 6 months from August to February in tertiary care hospital. The SPSS statistical tool, version 16.0, was used for the statistical analysis. The same number of study subjects were analyzed before and after treatment with L-Arginine. There was an increase in baby weight after supplementation of L-Arginine, with a good APGAR score, and there was a decrease in intrauterine deaths and there was also a decrease in cesarean section. Hence it can be concluded that there was an increase in the baby weight and also improve perinatal outcomes following administration of L-Arginine to IUGR-complicated pregnant women.
References
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31. de Onis M, Villar J, Gülmezoglu M. Nutritional interventions to prevent intrauterine growth retardation: evidence from randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical nutrition. 1998 Jan 1;52:S83-93.
32. Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on birth outcomes. BMC public health. 2011 Dec;11(3):1-9.
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34. Wu G, Morris Jr SM. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochemical Journal. 1998 Nov 15;336(1):1-7.
35. Wu G, Bazer FW, Wallace JM, Spencer TE. Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences. Journal of animal science. 2006 Sep 1;84(9):2316-37.
2. Anderson MS, Hay WW. Intrauterine growth restriction and the small-for-gestational-age infant. Neonatology. 1999; 1999:411-44.
3. Wollmann HA. Intrauterine growth restriction: definition and etiology. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 1998;49(Suppl. 2):1-6.
4. Murki S, Sharma D. Intrauterine growth retardation-a review article. J Neonatal Biol. 2014;3(3):1-1.
5. Bernstein PS, Divon MY. Etiologies of fetal growth restriction. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology. 1997 Dec 1;40(4):723-9.
6. Strobino DM, Ensminger ME, Kim YJ, Nanda J. Mechanisms for maternal age differences in birth weight. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1995 Sep 1;142(5):504-14.
7. Lee KS, Ferguson RM, Corpuz M, Gartner LM. Maternal age and incidence of low birth weight at term: a population study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1988 Jan 1;158(1):84-9.
8. Vorherr H. Factors influencing fetal growth. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1982 Mar 1;142(5):577-88.
9. Wen SW, Zhou J, Yang Q, Fraser W, Olatunbosun O, Walker M. Maternal exposure to folic acid antagonists and placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Cmaj. 2008 Dec 2;179(12):1263-8.
10. Mortola JP, Frappell PB, Aguero L, Armstrong K. Birth weight and altitude: a study in Peruvian communities. The Journal of pediatrics. 2000 Mar 1;136(3):324-9.
11. World Health Organization. Maternal anthropometry and pregnancy outcomes: a WHO collaborative study. World Health Organization; 1995.
12. Ananth CV, Peltier MR, Chavez MR, Kirby RS, Getahun D, Vintzileos AM. Recurrence of ischemic placental disease. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007 Jul 1;110(1):128-33.
13. Redline RW. Placental pathology: a systematic approach with clinical correlations. Placenta. 2008 Mar 1; 29:86-91.
14. Wilkins‐Haug L, Quade B, Morton CC. Confined placental mosaicism as a risk factor among newborns with fetal growth restriction. Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation with the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis. 2006 May;26(5):428-32.
15. Derricott H, Jones RL, Heazell AE. Investigating the association of villitis of unknown etiology with stillbirth and fetal growth restriction–a systematic review. Placenta. 2013 Oct 1;34(10):856-62.
16. Hendrix N, Berghella V. Non-placental causes of intrauterine growth restriction. InSeminars in perinatology 2008 Jun 1 (Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 161-165). WB Saunders.
17. Khoury MJ, Erickson JD, Cordero JF, McCarthy BJ. Congenital malformations and intrauterine growth retardation: a population study. Pediatrics. 1988 Jul;82(1):83-90.
18. Muir A, Rose SR. Endocrinology, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018 Feb 10.
19. Mouillet JF, Chu T, Hubel CA, Nelson DM, Parks WT, Sadovsky Y. The levels of hypoxia-regulated microRNAs in plasma of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction. Placenta. 2010 Sep 1;31(9):781-4.
20. Hromadnikova I, Kotlabova K, Doucha J, Dlouha K, Krofta L. Absolute and relative quantification of placenta-specific microRNAs in maternal circulation with placental insufficiency–related complications. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 2012 Mar 1;14(2):160-7.
21. Vrachnis N, Kalampokas E, Sifakis S, Vitoratos N, Kalampokas T, Botsis D, Iliodromiti Z. Placental growth factor (PlGF): a key to optimizing fetal growth. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2013 Jul 1;26(10):995-1002.
22. Börzsönyi B, Demendi C, Nagy Z, Tóth K, Csanád M, Pajor A, Rigó Jr J, Joó JG. Gene expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in human placenta from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction. Journal of perinatal medicine. 2011 Nov 1;39(6):701-7.
23. Grandone E, Margaglione M, Colaizzo D, Pavone G, Paladini D, Martinelli P, Di Minno G. Lower birth-weight in neonates of mothers carrying factor V G1691A and factor II A (20210) mutations. Haematologica. 2002 Jan 1;87(2):177-81.
24. Caliebe J, Broekman S, Boogaard M, Bosch CA, Ruivenkamp CA, Oostdijk W, Kant SG, Binder G, Ranke MB, Wit JM, Losekoot M. IGF1, IGF1R and SHOX mutation analysis in short children born small for gestational age and short children with normal birth size (idiopathic short stature). Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2012;77(4):250-60.
25. Kawashima Y, Higaki K, Fukushima T, Hakuno F, Nagaishi JI, Hanaki K, Nanba E, Takahashi SI, Kanzaki S. Novel missense mutation in the IGF‐I receptor L 2 domain results in intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. Clinical endocrinology. 2012 Aug;77(2):246-54.
26. Morse K, Williams A, Gardosi J. Fetal growth screening by fundal height measurement. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 2009 Dec 1;23(6):809-18.
27. Martin WL. Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). Medicolegal Issues in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2018:121-5.
28. Chen EY. Characterizing semiconductor upconverter nanostructures using optical spectroscopic techniques. University of Delaware; 2018.
29. Martin AM, Bindra R, Curcio P, Cicero S, Nicolaides KH. Screening for pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler at 11–14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 Dec;18(6):583-6.
30. Alfirevic Z, Neilson JP. Doppler ultrasonography in high-risk pregnancies: systematic review with meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1995 May 1;172(5):1379-87.
31. de Onis M, Villar J, Gülmezoglu M. Nutritional interventions to prevent intrauterine growth retardation: evidence from randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical nutrition. 1998 Jan 1;52:S83-93.
32. Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on birth outcomes. BMC public health. 2011 Dec;11(3):1-9.
33. Haider BA, Bhutta ZA. Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017(4).
34. Wu G, Morris Jr SM. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochemical Journal. 1998 Nov 15;336(1):1-7.
35. Wu G, Bazer FW, Wallace JM, Spencer TE. Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences. Journal of animal science. 2006 Sep 1;84(9):2316-37.
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Published
Nov 2, 2022
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How to Cite
P. Divya Bhargavi, Sunkara Surya Lakshmi, Gajji Neelamma, Reshma Ajay, Vamshi Kuragayala, Palla Ravi Teja, Basavan Duraiswamy, & Siddhartha Lolla. (2022). L-Arginine Supplementation during Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Its Correlation with Fetal Outcome. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.1009
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All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.