Assessment of drinking water quality of some reverse osmosis (R.O) plants in Al-Diwaniya Governorate Iraq by CCME WQI
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diwaniyah City, CCME WQI, Physical, Chemical and Microbial Water Properties, Iraqi Standard Specifications, Reverse Osmosis water
Abstract
The study conducted to use of the CCME WQI to Evaluation the quality of drinking water treated by reverse osmosis R.O. It covered the governorate of Al-Diwaniya and some of its districts (Hamza - Afak – Shamiya) water samples were collected monthly from 13 selected stations starting from August 2022 until October of the same year. Some physical, chemical and microbial factors of water were studied before treatment (tap water) and after treatment by reverse osmosis method, the results showed that the physical and chemical factors of tap water and treated water is within the Iraqi standard and the World Health Organization specification and did not exceed the permissible limits except pH, calcium and nitrates, as low results were recorded in some stations and high Total hardness permissible limit in some stations ,The results of the bacterial tests indicated the presence of bacterial contamination of the Diwaniyah River water and the absence of tap water and treated water from bacterial contamination. In this study, the water quality guide (CCME WQI) was used to evaluate water for drinking purposes, it was clear through the results that tap water is into the category (acceptable - good) and reverse osmosis treated water within the category (marginal - good) during the study period.
References
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31. Barbagallo, M., Veronese, N., & Dominguez, L. J. (2021). Magnesium in aging, health and diseases. Nutrients, 13(2), 463.
32. CCME : Canadian Council of Minister of the Environment (CCME)(2001) "Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic life :CCME Water Quality Index 1.0 , Technical Report" Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Winnipeg MB , Canada ,2001. Available at: http// www. ccme ca/source to tap/wqi . html.
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34. Chukwu, O. and Musa, J. J. (2008). Soil Salinity and Water Logging Problem Due To Irrigation Project. Agric. J. 3(6): 469-471.
35. Daniel, W. (2009). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. 9th edition. John Wiley and Sons. INC. USA.
36. Dojlido, J.; Raniszewski, J. and Woyciechowska, J.(1994). Water Quality Index applied to rivers in the Vistula river basin in Boland. Environ. Monit.Assess.,33: 33-42.
37. Eagleton.Jim.(1999). Ozone in Drinking Water Treatment .Brief overview.
38. Fukami ,k.;Simidu ,U.and Taga ,N.(1983) .Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in relation to the concentration of particulate organic matter in sea water .Can.j.of Micro;29(5):570-574.
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2. Abdel Abbas, Mohammed Abdul Majeed and Al-Musawi, Iman Mahdi Hadi and Abboud, Ghaib and Raji, Samar Abdul Kazim and Hussein, Wijdan Mohammed. (2015). Qualitative Evaluation of Bottled Drinking Water in Iraq, Middle Euphrates Region, Journal of the University of Babylon, Applied Pure Sciences, Vol. (23) 1.
3. Abdel Nafie,Yasmine Raad & Salman,Shehab Ahmed. (2011). Bacteriological and chemical
study of tap water and reservoirs in some neighborhoods of Baghdad city.Al-Nahrain Journal of Science.Vol. 14))1:45-.38.
4. Abdul Razzaq, Hala Abdul Hafez. (2017). Investigation of the quality of drinking water for residential homes in Al-Mustansiriya neighborhood / Baghdad in terms of mucosal bacteria during the summer months of 2016. Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Science. Vol. (1) 28 .
5. Al-Amiri, Najla Jabr and Ali, Essam Mohammed Al-Shatti, Sabah Malik Habib (2013). Evaluation of the Quality of Some Local and Imported Bottled Drinking Water offered in Basra Governorate for Drinking Purposes, Basra Journal of Science Vol. (26) 1: 378-400.
6. Al-batat, Muntadhar Fadel. (2009). Water Pollution in Iraq and its Environmental Impacts, Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Administrative and Economic Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 4..
7. Al-Ghanmi, Dunia Bahl Jadaan. (2015). Evaluation of the water quality of the Euphrates River (between the cities of Al-Kifl and Al-Shinafiya) in central Iraq.PhD thesis, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah.
8. AL-Halub, Ramadan . (2014). Estimation of total hardness and some basic elements in samples of bottled drinking water in the city of Misrata. Master's Thesis. Libyan Academy, Misrata, Libya, pp. 54-64.
9. Ali, Saba Salah Abdul Hussein. (2021). Study of bacterial pollution and some physical and chemical characteristics of selected laboratories for the production of bottled water in Karbala Governorate.Master Thesis.College of Science - University of Karbala.
10. Al-Khatib, Raed Tariq Hadi. (2007). Assessment of drinking water quality in Muthanna Governorate. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 8(1), 1-5.
11. AL-Mamouri, Shaima Abbis Hussein. (2017). Evaluation of the efficiency of the drinking water purification plant in Al-Hussein neighborhood complex / Al-Hamza Al-Gharbi district. Journal of the University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences. Vol.( 25) 6
12. Al-qaim, Hawra Wahab Aziz. (2017). Assessment of the quality of bottled water treated with ozone in the city of Hilla.
13. AL-Samurai,khlaf faris.(2007).Qualitative Assessment of Drinking Water in the City of Samarra, sur men raa, Vol. (7)3.
14. Alwan, Muhammad. (2017). Study of drinking water properties in Khan Yunis Governorate. Islamic University.
15. Al-Zahrani, Abdullah bin Salem. (2002). The Water Situation in the Arab World and its Economic and Political Repercussions in a Geographical Perspective, Research of the Second Forum of Arab Geographers, Cairo, 30-20 November 2000, Part One.
16. Al-Zawali, Al-Bashir Mansour, Omar, Abdel Nasser Al-Bashir and Al-Jali, Sanaa Ramadan, Salma Ziadeh, Areej Al-Natat and Hisham Saleh. ((2019). Estimation of the concentration of some ions in drinking water produced in water treatment units in Gharyan municipality. Journal of Science.Special issue of the Third Annual Conference on Theories and Applications of Basic and Life Sciences. Gharyan University, Libya.
17. Jibril, Nadia Mahmoud Tawfiq. (2006). Environmental study of the quality of some
groundwater for the city of Hilla. Master's Thesis. Faculty of Science - University of Babylon 122 pages.
18. Mohammed, najlaa Ajeel. (2022). Assessing the water quality of Lake Dalmaj in Qadisiyah Governorate and ways to invest it using the Canadian Water Quality Guide (Journal of Education College Wasit University, 48(1), 265-284. CCME WQI.
19. Mohammed,najlaa Ajeel(2017). Study of some determinants of pollution of Samarra Dam water and assess its suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes for the period (2012-2014). Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arab and International Studies, 14(57), 1-46.
20. Ministry of Environment, Department of Follow-up and Planning, Iraqi Standards for Drinking Water No. 417 of 2009, Second Update.
21. Razouki, Sarab Mohamed Mahmoud and Al-Rawi, Mohamed Ammar. (2010 ) . Study of some physicochemical and microbial properties of locally produced and imported bottled water in the city of Baghdad. Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection. Vol. (2) 3.
22. Yaqoubi, Fathi Khalifa and Abu Zeid, Afaf Ammar. (2022). Study of physical, chemical and biological properties to assess the quality of bottled drinking water. Professor, (23)
23. APHA- American public Health Association (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition Washington, DC. USA, 22621 pp.
24. Abed, K. F. and Alwakeel, S. S. (2007). Mineral and microbial content of bottled and tap water in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 2(3): 151-156.
25. Al-Saffawi, A. A. Y. (2018). Application of the CCME WQI to Evaluate Water Quality for Drinking Purpose: A Case Study for Groundwater Quality of Al-Mahalibiyah SubDistrict, Nineveh Province/Iraq.
26. Alam, M. F., Dafader, N. C., Sultana, S., Rahman, N., & Taheri, T. (2017). Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Bottled Drinking Water available in the Dhaka City of Bangladesh. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 8(6), 2076–2083.
27. Al Aamri, Z. M., & Ali, B. H. (2017). Chemical composition of different brands of bottled drinking water sold in Oman as labelled by manufacturers. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 14(4), 1–7.
28. Al-Omran, A. M., El-Maghraby, S. E., Aly, A. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Al-Asmari, Z. A., & Nadeem, M. E. (2013). Quality assessment of various bottled waters marketed in Saudi Arabia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(8), 6397–6406.
29. Al-Saadi , H.A., Al. Tamimi , A.A. and Al-Gafily , A.A.(2000). Effect of Karbala drain on the ecology characters of Razzazah lake Iraq. Journal of Diala,No.1.134-140.
30. Al-Hadrawy, H. A., & Fadhl, Y. A.(2007). Propriety of drinking water in some refinery units in najaf governorate.
31. Barbagallo, M., Veronese, N., & Dominguez, L. J. (2021). Magnesium in aging, health and diseases. Nutrients, 13(2), 463.
32. CCME : Canadian Council of Minister of the Environment (CCME)(2001) "Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic life :CCME Water Quality Index 1.0 , Technical Report" Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Winnipeg MB , Canada ,2001. Available at: http// www. ccme ca/source to tap/wqi . html.
33. CCME.Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. (2017). Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: CCME Water Quality Index, User’s Manual 2017 Update. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Available at: https://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/water/water_quality/WQI%20Manual%20EN.pdf
34. Chukwu, O. and Musa, J. J. (2008). Soil Salinity and Water Logging Problem Due To Irrigation Project. Agric. J. 3(6): 469-471.
35. Daniel, W. (2009). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. 9th edition. John Wiley and Sons. INC. USA.
36. Dojlido, J.; Raniszewski, J. and Woyciechowska, J.(1994). Water Quality Index applied to rivers in the Vistula river basin in Boland. Environ. Monit.Assess.,33: 33-42.
37. Eagleton.Jim.(1999). Ozone in Drinking Water Treatment .Brief overview.
38. Fukami ,k.;Simidu ,U.and Taga ,N.(1983) .Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in relation to the concentration of particulate organic matter in sea water .Can.j.of Micro;29(5):570-574.
39. Gupta, D. P.; Sunita, S. and Sahran, J. P. (2009). Physiochemical analysis of ground water of selected area of Kaithal city (Haryana) India. Researcher. 1(2): 25-30.
40. KhanH.;Abdel-Gawad S.; Dawe P.;andKhan A.A. (2010). An Environmental Security and Water Resources Management System Using Real Time Water Quality Warning and Communicatio. Balwois-Ohrid, Republic Of Macedonia. available on-line at Http://Balwois.Com/Balwois/Administration/Full_Paper/Ffp1907.Pdf.
41. Khan,F.; Husain, T.andLumb, A.: (2003). Water Quality Evaluation and Trend Analysis in Selected Watersheds of the Atlantic Region of Canada. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 88: 221–242.
42. Rosemond, S. D.; Duro,D.C. and Dube, M.(2009).Comparative analysis
43. of regional water quality in canada using water quality index.Environ. Monit.Assess., 156:223-240.
44. Richer, A. R., Bil, J. N., Cant, J. P., & Osborne, V. R. (2017). The Potential Relationship between the Incidence of Neurodegenerative Disease and Trace Mineral Composition in the Drinking Water of Rural Residents of Ontario. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 9(08), 881.
45. Štambuk-Gilijanovic, N. (1999) .Water Quality Evaluation by Index in
46. Dalmatia. Water Rese., 33(16): 3423-3440.
47. SDWF. (2008). TDS & pH. Safe Drinking Water Foundation. 6
48. Tahir, L. O. (2010). Study on Quality Assessment of Some Available Bottled Drinking Water within Hawler Markets. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Salahaddin, College of Science.
49. Toma, J. J. (2009). Studying of Water quality of various Trading Marks of Potable bottled waters in Erbil City, Iraq. Zanco, Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 22(2), 1–13.
50. Wagh, V. M., Panaskar, D. B., Mukate, S. V., Aamalawar, M. L., & Laxman Sahu, U. (2020). Nitrate associated health risks from groundwater of Kadava river basin Nashik, Maharashtra, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26(3), 654–672.
51. WHO: World Health Organization.( 2011). Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality, 4th ed, Geneva , Switzerland, pp: 228.
52. WHO.(2011),Guide line for drinking water quality,3rd Edition , vol.3.geneva .
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Apr 18, 2023
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Ahmed Shakir alkhair Al-Gayyim, & Raid Kadhim Abed Al-asady. (2023). Assessment of drinking water quality of some reverse osmosis (R.O) plants in Al-Diwaniya Governorate Iraq by CCME WQI. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(8), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.08.015
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