Lipid profiles and HBA1c level Among in Type, 2 Diabetes patients in Hilla city, Iraq

Abstract

Background: The defining feature of diabetes mellitus (DM), which includes different metabolic disorders, is insulin-induced hyperglycemia. Obesity, hypertension, and cholesterol are more prevalent in diabetics with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Objective: Assessment of lipid profiles and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic Hilla patients
Patients and Methods: A total of 300 people were enrolled, among whom 150 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus were chosen as case participants and 150 healthy participants of the same gender and age were treated as controls. The participants' ages ranged from 30 to 79 years. The data collection period spanned five months, from November1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Serum samples from the patients were tested for fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hba1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Chi-square tests were used to determine whether lipid profiles and Hba1c levels were associated with T2DM and control.
Results: The Mean±SD of the age was 55.4±10.1 for T2DM and 55.3±10.0 for control, respectively. The age group 50-59 years had the greatest percentage of T2DM and control (33.3%) and the lowest percentage of T2DM and control (6.7%). The percentage of T2DM and control subjects who were female was 56.7%, while the percentage of T2DM and control subjects who were male was (43.3%). Of those who were married, T2DM subjects made up the highest percentage (93.3%), while controls made up the lowest percentage (6.7%).
Urban regions had the highest percentage of T2DM residents (55.3%), while rural areas had the lowest percentage of T2DM residents (44.7%). Regarding education, the highest percentage of them (24.7%) were Read & Write, while the lowest percentage of them (13.3%) graduated from college or higher in T2DM. In terms of education, the highest percentage (38.0%) were in college or higher, while the lowest percentage (7.3%) were illiterate in control. Mean of Hba1c levels in T2DM were 8.49±1.74, while in controls they were 5.08±0.85. The average levels of cholesterol, LDL, total cholesterol, HDL, and VLDL in people with type 2 diabetes were 4.27±1.22, 4.08±1.43, 1.95±1.00, 1.08±0.33, and 0.89±0.45, respectively. In contrast, the average levels in people without type 2 diabetes were 4.46 ± 0.97, 3.99 ± 1.05, 1.28 ± 0.54, 1.04 ±0.27, and 0.58 ± 0.25respectively in control.

Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus causes an increased lipid profile, particularly in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some lipid profiles showed non-significant difference.