PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DELONIX FLORIBUNDA EXTRACT ON CLOZAPINE-INDUCED BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND LIPID METABOLISM IN SD FEMALE RATS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Delonix floribunda, Clozapine , Weight gain, Lipid metabolism, Sprague-Dawley rats, Antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia.
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics like Clozapine are frequently used to treat bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but they also have serious metabolic side effects include weight gain and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacological potential of Delonix floribunda (DLR) extract in reducing lipid abnormalities and body weight gain caused by Clozapine in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.A total of five groups of female rats were randomly assigned: control, Clozapine treated, Clozapine + DLR extract-treated, . For 21 days, the Delonix floribunda extract was given orally at a dose of 100,200 and 400 mg/kg/day, whereas clozapine was given at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Periodically, measurements were made of body weight, food consumption, and lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL). Hepatic lipid buildup was also evaluated by histopathologically analyzing liver tissue.In comparison to the clozapine -only group, the results showed that co-administration of DLR extract significantly decreased clozapine -induced weight gain and improved serum lipid profiles. Histological results confirmed that Delonix floribunda had a protective impact on liver morphology. According to these results, Delonix floribunda may present a viable herbal remedy to lessen the metabolic side effects brought on by antipsychotics, therefore improving the long-term safety profile of clozapine treatment.
References
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7. P. Dixit a, Shivkumar S. Sammeta a, Mrunali D. Dhokne a, Shubhada Mangrulkar a, Manoj A. Upadhya b, Milind J. Umekar a, Brijesh G. Taksande a, Nandkishor R. Kotagale ,Chronic agmatine treatment prevents olanzapine-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in female rats,Brain Research Bulletin,Volume 191, December 2022, Pages 69-77.
8. Behdani F, Roudbaraki SN, Saberi-Karimian M, Tayefi M, Hebrani P, Akhavanrezayat A, Amlashi SV, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M (2018) Assessment of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and sodium valproate. Psychiatry Res 261:243–247 S0165-1781(16)31314-2.
9. Elias Wagner 1,✉,#, Spyridon Siafis 2,#, Piyumi Fernando 3, Peter Falkai 1, William G Honer 4, Astrid Röh 3, Dan Siskind 5,6, Stefan Leucht 2, Alkomiet Hasan ,Efficacy and safety of clozapine in psychotic disorders—a systematic quantitative meta-review, 2021 Sep 22;11:487. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01613-2.
10. Vance L. Albaugh, Cathy R. Henry, Nicholas T. Bello, Andras Hajnal, Susan L. Lynch, Beth Halle, Christopher J. Lync,Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine and Clozapine Related to Body Weight in Rodents. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2006.6.
11. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen psychiatry. 1988;45:789–96. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001.
12. Syed Shoib Md Hussaini, Akram A Naikwadi, Narsapur VU,ROLE OF METFORMIN ON CLOZAPINE INDUCED DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS,International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology (IJCRPP) 10.31878/ijcrpp.2018.21.1.
13. Luiza Ferracini Cunha 1, Mariana Aubin Ongaratto 2, Marcelo Endres 2, Alethea Gatto Barschak 1Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet,2021 Mar 12;102(2):74–79. doi: 10.1111/iep.12387.
14. Pearl Pinto1, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu2, Mohanraj Sadasivam3, Louis Cojandaraj1,Conceivable Mechanisms of Clozapine Propagated Dyslipidemia- A Short Review,Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis e-ISSN: 2320-0812.
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16. Honer W, Thornton A, Sherwood M, MacEwan G, Ehmann T, Williams R et al. Conceptual and methodological issues in the design of clinical trials of antipsychotics for the treatment of Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(9):699-714.
17. Rummel-Kluge C, Komossa K, Schwarz S, Hunger H, Schmid F, Kissling Wet al.Second-generation antipsychotic drugs and extrapyramidal side effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2010;38(1):167-177.
18. Rajesh Asija, Charanjeet Singh, Hemlata,A Comprehensive Review on Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Various Medicinal Plants ,International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research; 7(6); 407-415.
19. Abrams P, Andersson KE, Buccafusco JJ, et al. (2006) Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems, and the implications for treating overactive bladder. Br J Pharmacol 148: 565–578.
20. Paul D Morrison 1,2,✉, Sameer Jauhar 2,3, Allan H Young,The mechanism of action of clozapine,2025 Feb 13;39(4):297–300. doi: 10.1177/02698811251319458.
21. Jacobi I Cunningham , David J Eyerman, Mark S Todtenkopf, Reginald L Dean, Daniel R Deaver, Connie Sanchez and Mark Namchuk,Samidorphan mitigates olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in rats and non-human primates,Journal of Psychopharmacology 2019, Vol. 33(10) 1303–1316 © The Author(s) 2019.
22. Ader M, Kim SP, Catalano KJ, et al. (2005) Metabolic dysregulation with atypical antipsychotics occurs in the absence of underlying disease: A placebo-controlled study of colanzapine and risperidone in dogs. Diabetes 54: 862–871.
23. Albaugh VL, Judson JG, She P, et al. (2011) Olanzapine promotes fat accumulation in male rats by decreasing physical activity, repartitioning energy and increasing adipose tissue lipogenesis while impairing lipolysis. Mol Psychiatry 16: 569–581.
24. Czyzyk TA, Romero-Pico A, Pintar J, et al. (2012) Mice lacking deltaopioid receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 26: 3483–3492.
25. De Hert M, Detraux J, van Winkel R, et al. (2011b) Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8: 114–126.
26. Freedman R (2003) Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 349: 1738–1749. Gallagher CJ, Gordon CJ, Langefeld CD, et al. (2006) Association of the mu-opioid receptor gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an African American population. Mol Genet Metab 87: 54–60.
27. Jain S, Bhargava M and Gautam S (2006) Weight gain with olanzapine: Drug, gender or age? Indian J Psychiatry 48: 39–42.
28. Kapur S, Zipursky RB and Remington G (1999) Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 156: 286–293.
29. Wenyi Zhu, Yijie Du, Hong Meng, Yinmao Dong, and Li Li . A review of traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Delonix floribunda Chemistry Central Journal,(2017) 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0289-x Ivanka B.
30. Semerdjieva and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review. Natural Product Communications,(2019) 14(8), 1934578X1986839. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19868394
31. Svensson, Camilla K.; Larsen, Julie R.; Vedtofte, Louise; Jakobsen, Mathilde S. L.; Jespersen, Hans R.; Jakobsen, Michelle I.; Koyuncu, Kamuran; Schjerning, Ole; Nielsen, Jimmi; Ekstrøm, Claus T.; Correll, Christoph U.; Vilsbøll, Tina; Fink-Jensen, Anders (2018). One-Year Follow-up on Liraglutide Treatment for Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity in Clozapine- or Olanzapine-Treated Patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, (), –. doi:10.1111/acps.12982
32. Lin CH, Lin SC, Huang YH, Wang FC, Huang CJ. Early prediction of olanzapine-induced weight gain for schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res. 2018 May;263:207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.058. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29574355.1
33. Hardy TA, Henry RR, Forrester TD, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Campbell GM, Marks DM, Mudaliar S. Impact of olanzapine or risperidone treatment on insulin sensitivity in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Aug;13(8):726-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01398.x. PMID: 21435142.
34. Lanktree, Matthew B. (2018). Genomic and Precision Medicine || Metabolic Syndrome. , (), 47–63. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801812-5.00015-9.
35. Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J, Krause M, Samara M, Peter N, Arndt T, Bäckers L, Rothe P, Cipriani A, Davis J, Salanti G, Leucht S. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):939-951. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31135-3. Epub 2019 Jul 11. Erratum in: Lancet. 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):918. PMID: 31303314; PMCID: PMC6891890 .
36. tomova, m., r. Gjulemetova, s. Zarkova, et al. 1981. Steroidal saponins from tribulus terrestris l. With a stimulating action on the sexual functions. In international conference of chemistry and biotechnology of biologically active natural products, varna, bulgaria. September 21–26, 3: 298
37. MINGJUAN, L., Q. WEIJING, W. YIFEI, et al. 2002. Hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris. J. Chinese Med. Mat. 25: 420–422.
38. Yousra Abdel-Mottaleb", Howaida S. Ali, Mohamed K. El-Kherbetawy, Amany Y. Elkazzaz, Mohamed H. ElSayed, Amr Elshormilisy, Saponin-rich extract of Tribulus terrestris alleviates systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in dietary obese female rats: Impact on adipokine/ hormonal disturbances (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112639.
39. Ching-Hua Lina,b , Shih-Chi Lina , Yu-Hui Huanga , Fu-Chiang Wanga , Chun-Jen Huang Early prediction of olanzapine-induced weight gain for schizophrenia patients (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.058.
40. K.V. Sailaja, V. Leela Shivaranjani, H. Poornima, S.B.Md. Rahamathulla, K. Lakshmi Devi PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. FRUIT AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON LIPID PROFILE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS IN MALE ALBINOWISTAR RATS .(2013)
41. Agnieszka Kolasa 1 , Paweł Szumilas 3 , Ewa Stachowska 2 and Barbara Wiszniewska 1 The Obscure Effect of Tribulus terrestris Saponins Plus Inulin on Liver Morphology, Liver Fatty Acids, Plasma Glucose, and Lipid Profile in SD Rats with and without Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(2021) . https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168680
42. Mrityunjaya B. Ullagaddi, B. M. Patil, and Pukar Khanal , Beneficial effect of Zingiber officinale on olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic changes Published online 2021 Jan
43. Eagappan, K.; Sasikumar, S.; Brindha, D. Antioxidant capacity insolvent and cooked extracts of Tribulus Terrestris L Fruit. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Res. 2015, 6, 63–67.
44. Kumar R, Patel DK, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic root extract of Caesalpinia digyna in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(2):934-40. Doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60340-2.
45. Jyoti Kaushik1, SimranTandon2, Rishi Bhardwaj 3, Tanzeer Kaur3, Surinder Kumar Singla4, Jitender Kumar1 & ChanderdeepTandon1,Delving into the Antiurolithiatic Potential of Tribulus terrestris Extract Through –In Vivo Efcacy and Preclinical Safety Investigations in Wistar Rats(2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52398-w
2. CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE,Pharmacologyonline 2: 544-549 (2009) Satish S, Mohana DC, Raghavendra MP, Raveesha KA. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against important seed borne pathogens of aspergillus sp. J.
3. Agri. Techn., 2007; 3(1): 109-119. Trease GE, Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. Singapore: Harcourt Brace and Company Asia Pvt. Ltd; 2002. A taxonomic approach to the study of medicinal plants and animal derived drugs; p. 27.
4. Duke J, Duke PK, Cellier JL. 2nd edn. United States: CRC Press; 2002. Duke Handbook of medicinal herbs; p. 595. Nadkarni KM. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan; 1927.
5. Indian Materia Medica; pp. 1230–1. Mohammed Hosny, Ehab A. Ragab, Hamdoon A. Mohammed and Mohammed F. Abd Elwahab,PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM DELONIX FLORIBUNDA RAF ROOTS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES,Az. J. Pharm Sci. Vol. 46, September, 2012.
6. Baderschneider, B., Winterhalter, P. (2001): “Isolation and characterization of novel benzoates, cinnamates, flavonoids, and lignans from Riesling wine and screening for antioxidant activity” J. Agr. Food Chem. 49, 2788-2798.
7. P. Dixit a, Shivkumar S. Sammeta a, Mrunali D. Dhokne a, Shubhada Mangrulkar a, Manoj A. Upadhya b, Milind J. Umekar a, Brijesh G. Taksande a, Nandkishor R. Kotagale ,Chronic agmatine treatment prevents olanzapine-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in female rats,Brain Research Bulletin,Volume 191, December 2022, Pages 69-77.
8. Behdani F, Roudbaraki SN, Saberi-Karimian M, Tayefi M, Hebrani P, Akhavanrezayat A, Amlashi SV, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M (2018) Assessment of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and sodium valproate. Psychiatry Res 261:243–247 S0165-1781(16)31314-2.
9. Elias Wagner 1,✉,#, Spyridon Siafis 2,#, Piyumi Fernando 3, Peter Falkai 1, William G Honer 4, Astrid Röh 3, Dan Siskind 5,6, Stefan Leucht 2, Alkomiet Hasan ,Efficacy and safety of clozapine in psychotic disorders—a systematic quantitative meta-review, 2021 Sep 22;11:487. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01613-2.
10. Vance L. Albaugh, Cathy R. Henry, Nicholas T. Bello, Andras Hajnal, Susan L. Lynch, Beth Halle, Christopher J. Lync,Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine and Clozapine Related to Body Weight in Rodents. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2006.6.
11. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen psychiatry. 1988;45:789–96. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001.
12. Syed Shoib Md Hussaini, Akram A Naikwadi, Narsapur VU,ROLE OF METFORMIN ON CLOZAPINE INDUCED DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS,International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology (IJCRPP) 10.31878/ijcrpp.2018.21.1.
13. Luiza Ferracini Cunha 1, Mariana Aubin Ongaratto 2, Marcelo Endres 2, Alethea Gatto Barschak 1Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet,2021 Mar 12;102(2):74–79. doi: 10.1111/iep.12387.
14. Pearl Pinto1, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu2, Mohanraj Sadasivam3, Louis Cojandaraj1,Conceivable Mechanisms of Clozapine Propagated Dyslipidemia- A Short Review,Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis e-ISSN: 2320-0812.
15. Howes OD, et al. Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology . Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:216–229.
16. Honer W, Thornton A, Sherwood M, MacEwan G, Ehmann T, Williams R et al. Conceptual and methodological issues in the design of clinical trials of antipsychotics for the treatment of Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(9):699-714.
17. Rummel-Kluge C, Komossa K, Schwarz S, Hunger H, Schmid F, Kissling Wet al.Second-generation antipsychotic drugs and extrapyramidal side effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2010;38(1):167-177.
18. Rajesh Asija, Charanjeet Singh, Hemlata,A Comprehensive Review on Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Various Medicinal Plants ,International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research; 7(6); 407-415.
19. Abrams P, Andersson KE, Buccafusco JJ, et al. (2006) Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems, and the implications for treating overactive bladder. Br J Pharmacol 148: 565–578.
20. Paul D Morrison 1,2,✉, Sameer Jauhar 2,3, Allan H Young,The mechanism of action of clozapine,2025 Feb 13;39(4):297–300. doi: 10.1177/02698811251319458.
21. Jacobi I Cunningham , David J Eyerman, Mark S Todtenkopf, Reginald L Dean, Daniel R Deaver, Connie Sanchez and Mark Namchuk,Samidorphan mitigates olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in rats and non-human primates,Journal of Psychopharmacology 2019, Vol. 33(10) 1303–1316 © The Author(s) 2019.
22. Ader M, Kim SP, Catalano KJ, et al. (2005) Metabolic dysregulation with atypical antipsychotics occurs in the absence of underlying disease: A placebo-controlled study of colanzapine and risperidone in dogs. Diabetes 54: 862–871.
23. Albaugh VL, Judson JG, She P, et al. (2011) Olanzapine promotes fat accumulation in male rats by decreasing physical activity, repartitioning energy and increasing adipose tissue lipogenesis while impairing lipolysis. Mol Psychiatry 16: 569–581.
24. Czyzyk TA, Romero-Pico A, Pintar J, et al. (2012) Mice lacking deltaopioid receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 26: 3483–3492.
25. De Hert M, Detraux J, van Winkel R, et al. (2011b) Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8: 114–126.
26. Freedman R (2003) Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 349: 1738–1749. Gallagher CJ, Gordon CJ, Langefeld CD, et al. (2006) Association of the mu-opioid receptor gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an African American population. Mol Genet Metab 87: 54–60.
27. Jain S, Bhargava M and Gautam S (2006) Weight gain with olanzapine: Drug, gender or age? Indian J Psychiatry 48: 39–42.
28. Kapur S, Zipursky RB and Remington G (1999) Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 156: 286–293.
29. Wenyi Zhu, Yijie Du, Hong Meng, Yinmao Dong, and Li Li . A review of traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Delonix floribunda Chemistry Central Journal,(2017) 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0289-x Ivanka B.
30. Semerdjieva and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review. Natural Product Communications,(2019) 14(8), 1934578X1986839. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19868394
31. Svensson, Camilla K.; Larsen, Julie R.; Vedtofte, Louise; Jakobsen, Mathilde S. L.; Jespersen, Hans R.; Jakobsen, Michelle I.; Koyuncu, Kamuran; Schjerning, Ole; Nielsen, Jimmi; Ekstrøm, Claus T.; Correll, Christoph U.; Vilsbøll, Tina; Fink-Jensen, Anders (2018). One-Year Follow-up on Liraglutide Treatment for Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity in Clozapine- or Olanzapine-Treated Patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, (), –. doi:10.1111/acps.12982
32. Lin CH, Lin SC, Huang YH, Wang FC, Huang CJ. Early prediction of olanzapine-induced weight gain for schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res. 2018 May;263:207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.058. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29574355.1
33. Hardy TA, Henry RR, Forrester TD, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Campbell GM, Marks DM, Mudaliar S. Impact of olanzapine or risperidone treatment on insulin sensitivity in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Aug;13(8):726-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01398.x. PMID: 21435142.
34. Lanktree, Matthew B. (2018). Genomic and Precision Medicine || Metabolic Syndrome. , (), 47–63. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801812-5.00015-9.
35. Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J, Krause M, Samara M, Peter N, Arndt T, Bäckers L, Rothe P, Cipriani A, Davis J, Salanti G, Leucht S. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):939-951. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31135-3. Epub 2019 Jul 11. Erratum in: Lancet. 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):918. PMID: 31303314; PMCID: PMC6891890 .
36. tomova, m., r. Gjulemetova, s. Zarkova, et al. 1981. Steroidal saponins from tribulus terrestris l. With a stimulating action on the sexual functions. In international conference of chemistry and biotechnology of biologically active natural products, varna, bulgaria. September 21–26, 3: 298
37. MINGJUAN, L., Q. WEIJING, W. YIFEI, et al. 2002. Hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris. J. Chinese Med. Mat. 25: 420–422.
38. Yousra Abdel-Mottaleb", Howaida S. Ali, Mohamed K. El-Kherbetawy, Amany Y. Elkazzaz, Mohamed H. ElSayed, Amr Elshormilisy, Saponin-rich extract of Tribulus terrestris alleviates systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in dietary obese female rats: Impact on adipokine/ hormonal disturbances (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112639.
39. Ching-Hua Lina,b , Shih-Chi Lina , Yu-Hui Huanga , Fu-Chiang Wanga , Chun-Jen Huang Early prediction of olanzapine-induced weight gain for schizophrenia patients (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.058.
40. K.V. Sailaja, V. Leela Shivaranjani, H. Poornima, S.B.Md. Rahamathulla, K. Lakshmi Devi PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. FRUIT AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON LIPID PROFILE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS IN MALE ALBINOWISTAR RATS .(2013)
41. Agnieszka Kolasa 1 , Paweł Szumilas 3 , Ewa Stachowska 2 and Barbara Wiszniewska 1 The Obscure Effect of Tribulus terrestris Saponins Plus Inulin on Liver Morphology, Liver Fatty Acids, Plasma Glucose, and Lipid Profile in SD Rats with and without Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(2021) . https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168680
42. Mrityunjaya B. Ullagaddi, B. M. Patil, and Pukar Khanal , Beneficial effect of Zingiber officinale on olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic changes Published online 2021 Jan
43. Eagappan, K.; Sasikumar, S.; Brindha, D. Antioxidant capacity insolvent and cooked extracts of Tribulus Terrestris L Fruit. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Res. 2015, 6, 63–67.
44. Kumar R, Patel DK, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic root extract of Caesalpinia digyna in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(2):934-40. Doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60340-2.
45. Jyoti Kaushik1, SimranTandon2, Rishi Bhardwaj 3, Tanzeer Kaur3, Surinder Kumar Singla4, Jitender Kumar1 & ChanderdeepTandon1,Delving into the Antiurolithiatic Potential of Tribulus terrestris Extract Through –In Vivo Efcacy and Preclinical Safety Investigations in Wistar Rats(2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52398-w
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Mar 18, 2022
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Saritha Kodithal, Pradeep Kumar Sabbani, Mohammad Mansoor, Ch. Sampath Kumar, Shaheen Sulthana, A.Shruthi, & V Raju. (2022). PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DELONIX FLORIBUNDA EXTRACT ON CLOZAPINE-INDUCED BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND LIPID METABOLISM IN SD FEMALE RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(01), 981-996. https://doi.org/10.69980/2s8c3e49
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Author Biographies
Saritha Kodithal
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, KVK College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Pradeep Kumar Sabbani
Research scholar, Dept of Pharmacology,Monad University Hapur, Uttar Pradesh.
Mohammad Mansoor
Associate Professor, Dept of Pharmacology, Victoria college of pharmacy, Guntur.
Ch. Sampath Kumar
Assistant Professor, Dept of Pharmacology, Trinity College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana
Shaheen Sulthana
Assistant Professor, Shaheen Sulthana, Assistant Professor, KVK College of Pharmacy, Telangana.
A.Shruthi
Assistant Professor, Dept of Pharmacology, Avanthi institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana.
V Raju
Research scholar, Dept of Pharmacology, PK University Hapur, Uttar Pradesh
How to Cite
Saritha Kodithal, Pradeep Kumar Sabbani, Mohammad Mansoor, Ch. Sampath Kumar, Shaheen Sulthana, A.Shruthi, & V Raju. (2022). PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DELONIX FLORIBUNDA EXTRACT ON CLOZAPINE-INDUCED BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND LIPID METABOLISM IN SD FEMALE RATS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(01), 981-996. https://doi.org/10.69980/2s8c3e49
