CLINICAL AND ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN NORTH INDIA
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Keywords
Acute kidney injury; KDIGO; Etiology; Acute tubular necrosis; Sepsis; Hospitalized patients; India
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition among hospitalized patients, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. The etiological spectrum and clinical profile of AKI vary across different regions and healthcare settings, particularly in developing countries.
Objectives: To assess the clinical and etiological profile of acute kidney injury among hospitalized patients in a tertiary care center in North India.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2015 to March 2016, including 78 patients diagnosed with AKI based on KDIGO criteria. Data were collected using a pre-designed semi-structured proforma through clinical evaluation and review of laboratory investigations. Etiological classification was performed as prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal causes. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of patients were in the 41–60 years age group, with male predominance and a higher proportion from rural areas. Oliguria was the most common presenting symptom. Intrinsic renal causes constituted the largest etiological group, with acute tubular necrosis being the most frequent cause, followed by prerenal causes such as hypovolemia and sepsis. The severity of AKI was distributed across KDIGO stages, with a slight predominance of Stage 1. A statistically significant association was observed between intrinsic renal etiology and higher stages of AKI.
Conclusion: Intrinsic renal causes are the leading contributors to AKI among hospitalized patients, with a significant association with disease severity. Early identification of etiological factors and timely intervention are essential to prevent progression and improve outcomes. Strengthening healthcare systems, especially in resource-limited settings, is crucial for effective AKI management.
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Dr. Amrendra Kumar Singh
Professor, Department of General Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. (
Dr. Dilip Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
Dr. Bishwa Bhushan Bharti
Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
