FREQUENCY AND FACTORS IN NEONATAL PNEUMONIA AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN ADMITTED ICU PATIENTS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR. A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYTICAL STUDY
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Keywords
Neonatal pneumonia, Prematurity, NICU, Complications
Abstract
Background :Neonatal pneumonia is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units, particularly in developing countries. Some of the known factors include maternal infection, low birth weight, and premature birth. Early identification of associated risk factors and complications can increase the chance of surviving as a neonate and having a better clinical outcome.
Objective:To find out the prevalence of neonatal pneumonia, factors, and complications of the neonates who were admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.
Methodology:The study was cross-sectional and analytical in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar for six months. One hundred neonatal cases aged 0-28 days with clinical and radiological signs of pneumonia were recruited using a non-probability consecutive sampling. A structured proforma was used to obtain the data on the demographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal risk factors, and complications. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Quantitative variables were analyzed using mean ± standard deviation, and qualitative variables were analyzed using frequency and percentage. The data were analyzed by the Chi-Square test, and a p-level of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Result:The mean age of neonates was 12.4 ± 6.2 days. Male neonates accounted for 61% of cases, while 56% were preterm and 63% had low birth weight. Prolonged rupture of membranes was present in 35% of mothers, and mechanical ventilation was required in 29% of neonates. Prolonged hospital stay (40%) and sepsis (31%) were the most common complications. Mortality was observed in 17% of patients. Prematurity and low birth weight showed significant association with adverse outcomes (p=0.02 and p=0.03 respectively).
Conclusion:Neonatal pneumonia is also a serious complication and cause of death in the neonate admitted to the NICU. Prematurity and low weight are significant risk factors for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis and enhanced neonatal care can bring down the burden of disease and death.
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Muhammad Umair Ansari
Admin Registrar, Paeds Ward, Pak Italian Burn Centre, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Multan, Pakistan
Sadia Younis
Consultant Pediatrician, DHQ Multan Saddar, Multan, Pakistan
Syed Qamar Zaman
Consultant Pediatrician, CMH Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan
Arif Mehmood khan
Assistant professor paeds Bannu medical college Women and children hospital MTI bannu , kpk pakistan.
Zarafsha Ali
Postgraduate Resident-II, CMH Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan
Mahrukh Habib
Resident Pediatrics Trainee, CMH Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan
