EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF OZONATED WATER DISINFECTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL SILOXANE DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIAL: AN IN VITRO ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ozonated water, Microwave irradiation, Glutaraldehyde, Polyvinyl siloxane, Hardness, Compressive strength, Surface Roughness.
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of Ozonated water, Microwave irradiation and Glutaraldehyde disinfection techniques on the hardness, compressive strength, and surface roughness properties of Polyvinyl Siloxane impression material.
Material and methods: Forty standardized disc specimens of Polyvinyl Siloxane (10 mm by 3 mm) were fabricated. Assigned as ten discs(n=10) to each of four groups, namely; Group I Control (no disinfection), Group II Ozonated water (0.5 ppm/10 min), group III Microwave irradiation (650 W/5 min), and Group IV 2% Glutaraldehyde (10 min). Measurements were taken on, Hardness (N/mm2), Compressive strength (MPa) and Surface roughness (Ra). To compare the data, one-way ANOVA and the post hoc test (p<0.05) of Tukey were applied.
Results: Statistical analysis was done. Hardness and Compressive strength differed significantly among groups (p < 0.05). The Control group showed the highest values (hardness: 68.83 ± 1.02 N/mm2; compressive strength: 32.82 ± 2.38 MPa). The glutaraldehyde group recorded the lowest (63.15 ± 1.77 N/mm2; 26.33 ± 1.48 MPa). Microwave (65.34 ± 1.40 N/mm2; 29.50 ± 3.68 MPa) and Ozonated water (65.16 ± 1.74 N/mm2; 29.06 ± 3.24 MPa) produced moderate reductions. Surface roughness did not vary significantly between groups (p = 0.34).
Conclusion: The Ozonated water and the Microwave irradiation methods are effective disinfection alternatives to Glutaraldehyde, which do not affect the physical properties of Polyvinyl siloxane material.
References
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35. Khatri M, Mantri SS, Deogade SC, Bhasin A, Mantri S, Khatri N, JainP, Chauhan D. Effect of chemical disinfection on surface detail reproduction and Dimensional stability of a New Vinyl Polyether Silicone Elastomeric Impression Material. Contemp Clin Dent. 2020 Jan-Mar;11(1):10-1.
36. Choi YR, Kim KN, Kim KM. The disinfection of impression materials by using microwave radiation and hydrogen peroxide. J Prosthet Dent.2014 Oct;112(4):981-7.
37. Goiato MC, Haddad MF, Santos DM, Pesqueira AA, Moreno A. Hardness evaluation of prosthetic silicones containing opacifiers following chemical disinfection and accelerated aging. Braz Oral Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;24(3):303-8.
38. mahalakshmi AS, Jeyapalan V, Mahadevan V, Krishnan CS, Azhagarasan NS,RAmakrishnan H. Comparitive evaluation of the effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water on surface detail reproduction,dimensional stability and Surface texture of polyvinyl siloxane impressions. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2019 Jan-Mar;19(1):33-41.
39. Karaman, T.;Oztekin, F.; tekin, S. Effect of application time of two different Disinfectants on the Surface Roughness of an Elastomeric Impression material. J.Clin.Diagn.Res.2020,14,ZC10-ZC13.
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41. German, I.J.S., Rodrigues, A.C., Andreo, J.C.,Pomini, K.T., Ahmed,F.J.,Buchaim, D,V,, Junior, G.M.R., Goncalves, J>B>O>, Buchaim, R.L., 2013. Ozone therapy in Dentistry:A systematic review. Int.J.Odontostomat. 7, 267-278.
42. Gupta, S., Deepa, D., 2016. Applications of ozone therapy in Dentistry.J.Oral.Res.rev.8, 86-91.
2. Leslom NS, Basndwah AS, Alyami JS, Alkhudrhah DM, Abattaheen MS, Alyami FS, Al Alshaykh RS, Alghamdi MD. Effectiveness Of Infection Control And Sterilization Protocols In Preventing Cross-Contamination In Dental Clinics: A Systematic Review. The Review of Diabetic Studies. 2024 Jun 10:19-29.
3. Gallo S, Scribante A. Ozone therapy in dentistry: from traditional applications towards innovative ones. A review of the literature. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021 Mar 1 (Vol. 707, No. 1, p. 012001). IOP Publishing.
4. Abinaya K, Muthu Kumar B, Ahila SC. Evaluation of Surface quality of Silicone Impression materials after Disinfection with Ozone water: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Jan-mar;9(1):60-64.
5. Widmer AF, Frei R. Decontamination, disinfection, and sterilization. Manual of clinical microbiology. 2011 May 16:143-73.
6. Kotsiomiti E, Tzialla A, Hatjivasiliou K. Accuracy and stability of impression materials subjected to chemical disinfection – a literature review. Journal of oral Rehabilitation 2008 Apr 35(4): 291-9.
7. Azarpazhooh A , Limeback H. The application of ozone in dentistry: A systematic review of literature. J Dent 2008;36:104-16.
8. Sharma M, Hudson JB. Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:559-63.
9. Cai Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Yadav AK, Wei T, Kang P. Ozone disinfection of waterborne pathogens: A review of mechanisms, applications, and challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024 Nov;31(51):60709-30.
10. Maillard JY, Pascoe M. Disinfectants and antiseptics: mechanisms of action and resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2024 Jan;22(1):4-17.
11. Alkhtani F. Disinfection of polyvinyl siloxane impression material using ozone gas, 0.1% riboflavin, glutaraldehyde, and microwave irradiation and their effect on physical properties. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic therapy. 2023 Mar ;41:103242.
12. Hassan EH, Lotfy N, Abdou MH, Fetohy EM, Hussein MF. Effectiveness of an environmental educational program on intern dentists knowledge and practices regarding eco-friendly green dentistry: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education. 2025 Jan 8;25(1):32.
13. Celebi, H.; Buyukerkmen, E.B.; Torlak, E. Disinfection of Polyvinylsiloxane Impression Material by Gaseous Ozone. J Prosthet. Dent. 2018; 120:138-143.
14. Bhasin, A.; Vinod, V.; Bhasin, V.; Mathew, X.;Sajjan,S.;Ahmed, S.T. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Microwave Irradiation for Disinfection of Silicone Elastomeric Impression Material. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 2013;13:89-94.
15. Shetty, S., Kamat, G., Shetty, R. Wettability changes in polyether impression materials subjected to immersion disinfection. Den. Res. J. 2013; 10: 539-44.
16. Vazquez-Rodriguez I, Estany-Gestal A, Seoane-Romero J, Mora MJ, Varela-Centelles P, Santana Mora U. Quality of cross-infection control in dental laboratories. A critical systematic review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2018 Aug 1;30(7):496-507.
17. Guntupalli Y, Ganesh SB, Jayalakshmi S. Effect of disinfectants on the tear strength of addition silicone impression material – An Invitro Study. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2022 Dec 1;13(Suppl 2):458-61.
18. Infection control recommendations for the dental office and the dental laboratory. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs and ADA Council on Dental Practice. J Am Dent Assoc.1996 May;127(5):672-80.
19. british Dental Association. Advice sheet A12: Infection control in dentistry. London,British Dental Association, 2009.
20. AlZain S. Effect of chemical,microwave irradiation,Steam autoclave,ultraviolet radiation, ozone and electrolyzed oxidizing water disinfection on properties of impression materials:A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Saudi Dent J. 2020 May;32(4):161-170.
21. Hardan L, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suarez CE, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Cornejo-Rios E, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Mancino S, Eid A, Mancino D, kharouf N. Disinfection procedures and their effect on the microorganism colonization of dental impression materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Bioengineering. 2022 Mar 16;9(3):123.
22. Shashikiran ND, hadakar S, Gaonkar N, Taur S, Gugawad S, Maurya A, Chaudhari P. Ozone and nanotechnology in Dentistry. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2022 Dec 21.
23. Ganji KK, Alshammari Sm, Rushdullah MA, Ghazy AA, taher I, taha AE, Issrani R, Alhazmi MAN. Activity of Ozonated water in Sterilising and Disinfecting Dental Unit Water Pipelines System: A Comparitive Study. Oral health Prev Dent. 2022 Jan 20;61-68.
24. Samaranayake L, Fakhruddin K, Sobon N, Osthanon T. Dental unit waterlines: disinfection and management. International Dental Journal. 2024 Nov 1;74:S437-45.
25. Veneri F, Lanteri V, Consolo U, Checchi V, Generali L. Ozone in dentistry: an updated overview of current applications and future perspectives. Current Oral Health Reports. 2025 Jan 14;12(1):3.
26. liaqat S, tariq S, Hayat I, Mobeen B, Fayyaz S, jabeen H, Khalid S, Muhammad N, Khan MA. Therapeutic effects and uses of ozone in dentistry: A systematic review. Ozone: Science & Engineering. 2023 Jul 4;45(4):387-97.
27. Salah AN, Al Otaibi MB, Al-dhmashi AS, Mariee AA. Infection control practiced and approaches in the dentistry field; a review. Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research. 2024 Mar 1;10(1):42-58.
28. Al Kheraif AA. Surface roughness of polyvinyl siloxane impression materials following chemical disinfection, autoclave and microwave sterilization. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013 May 1;14(3):483-7.
29. kutralanathan A, Chidambaranathan AS, Balasubramaniam M. Dimensional stability and Accuracy of Silicone Impression Materials after Ozone water Disinfection: An In vitro study. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2025 Feb 4;22:5.
30. Poulis, N., Kyriacou, A., Kotsou, M., Bezirtzogou, E., Prombonas, A., Drakoulis, N., 2014. Effectiveness of low-flow high-ozone concentration disinfection of dental impressions: a comparative study to immersion disinfection. Br.J.Appl.Sci.Technol.2014;4(18),2528-2537.
31. Savabi O, Nejatidanesh F, Bagheri KP, karimi L, Savabi G. Prevention of cross-contamination Risk by Disinfection of Irreversible hydrocolloid Impression Materials with Ozonated water. Int J Prev Med. 2018 Apr 11;9:37.
32. Poulis N, prombonas A, Yannikakis S, karampotsos T, Katsarou MS, Drakoulis N. Preliminary SEM Observations on the surface of Elastomeric Impression materials after immersion or Ozone Disinfection. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Dec;10(12):ZC01-ZC05.
33. issac AV, Joseph K, Soman RR, Samuel A, Chandy S, Cherian NM, Ozone in Dentistry, IJOCR Apr-Jun 2015; Vol:3, Issue 2.
34. Demajo JK, Cassar V, farrugia C, Millan-Sango D, Sammut C, Valdramidis V,Camilleri J. Effectiveness of disinfectants on Antimicrobial and Physical properties of Dental Impression Materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2016 Jan-Feb;29(1):63-7.
35. Khatri M, Mantri SS, Deogade SC, Bhasin A, Mantri S, Khatri N, JainP, Chauhan D. Effect of chemical disinfection on surface detail reproduction and Dimensional stability of a New Vinyl Polyether Silicone Elastomeric Impression Material. Contemp Clin Dent. 2020 Jan-Mar;11(1):10-1.
36. Choi YR, Kim KN, Kim KM. The disinfection of impression materials by using microwave radiation and hydrogen peroxide. J Prosthet Dent.2014 Oct;112(4):981-7.
37. Goiato MC, Haddad MF, Santos DM, Pesqueira AA, Moreno A. Hardness evaluation of prosthetic silicones containing opacifiers following chemical disinfection and accelerated aging. Braz Oral Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;24(3):303-8.
38. mahalakshmi AS, Jeyapalan V, Mahadevan V, Krishnan CS, Azhagarasan NS,RAmakrishnan H. Comparitive evaluation of the effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water on surface detail reproduction,dimensional stability and Surface texture of polyvinyl siloxane impressions. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2019 Jan-Mar;19(1):33-41.
39. Karaman, T.;Oztekin, F.; tekin, S. Effect of application time of two different Disinfectants on the Surface Roughness of an Elastomeric Impression material. J.Clin.Diagn.Res.2020,14,ZC10-ZC13.
40. Jasna Jabbar, Kurien Varghese, William Thomas, Shahana Taj, Vishnu S A. Comparitive evaluation of the effect of Ozonated water and 2% Glutaraldehyde as Disinfectants on the Physical properties of Polyvinyl siloxane impression material – An Invitro Study. JPID – The journal of Prosthetic and Implant Dentistry/Vol 6 Issue 1/Sep-Dec 2022.
41. German, I.J.S., Rodrigues, A.C., Andreo, J.C.,Pomini, K.T., Ahmed,F.J.,Buchaim, D,V,, Junior, G.M.R., Goncalves, J>B>O>, Buchaim, R.L., 2013. Ozone therapy in Dentistry:A systematic review. Int.J.Odontostomat. 7, 267-278.
42. Gupta, S., Deepa, D., 2016. Applications of ozone therapy in Dentistry.J.Oral.Res.rev.8, 86-91.
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Apr 11, 2026
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Dr. Himabindu Ravella. (2026). EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF OZONATED WATER DISINFECTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL SILOXANE DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIAL: AN IN VITRO ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(2), 632-639. https://doi.org/10.69980/tkf2wa08
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Author Biography
Dr. Himabindu Ravella
Professor Department of Prosthodontics Affiliation Address: GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
How to Cite
Dr. Himabindu Ravella. (2026). EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF OZONATED WATER DISINFECTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL SILOXANE DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIAL: AN IN VITRO ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 33(2), 632-639. https://doi.org/10.69980/tkf2wa08
