ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF EPILEPSY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW WITH FOCUS ON INDIAN CLINICAL CONTEXTS
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Keywords
Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, EEG, Video EEG, India, Diagnosis, Seizure Classification, Artificial Intelligence, Wearable EEG, Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy remains a major public health concern in India, affecting an estimated 10 million people. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a critical diagnostic and management tool for epilepsy, especially in resource-variable settings like India. It provides real-time brain activity monitoring, aiding in early diagnosis, seizure classification, treatment monitoring, and surgical decision-making.
Objective: This review explores the evolving role of EEG in epilepsy care with a focused lens on Indian clinical contexts, including recent technological advances, region-specific case reports, and health system challenges.
Methods: A systematic review of literature from 2018 to 2025 was conducted using peer-reviewed databases such as PubMed and NCBI. Selected studies included clinical trials, case reports, technological assessments, and regional data on EEG applications in epilepsy.
Results: EEG remains indispensable in epilepsy diagnosis, guiding both pharmacological and surgical management. Video EEG and stereo-EEG support localization in drug-resistant cases. Wearable EEG and AI-powered interpretation systems are improving access and diagnostic accuracy, particularly in underserved Indian regions. Indian studies demonstrate the effectiveness of EEG in identifying rare syndromes like eating epilepsy and in neonatal seizure monitoring.
Conclusion: EEG is a cornerstone in epilepsy care across diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic domains. Its evolving technology and integration into clinical practice—especially in the Indian context—underscore its importance. Addressing regional disparities in EEG availability and interpretation remains crucial for equitable epilepsy care.
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Richa Khanna
Research Scholar-Ph.D Department of Physiology Index medical College Hospital and Research centre, Indore
Dr. Ashutosh Jain
Assistant Professor Department of Physiology Index medical College Hospital and Research centre, Indore
Dr. Jaya Jain
Professor Department of Biochemistry Index medical College Hospital and Research centre, Indore
