“FAMILY HISTORY OF DIABETES AS A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)”
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Keywords
Polycystic ovary syndrome; family history; type 2 diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; reproductive-age women.
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease with major metabolic consequences. Having type 2 diabetes clustered among families might imply that there is shared and inherited insulin resistance that may make the individual susceptible to PCOS and worsen its metabolic phenotype.
Objective: To determine whether the first-degree family history of type 2 diabetes is a prominent risk factor of PCOS, among reproductive-aged women who attend Primary health care.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Primary health care setting in the duration from January, 2025 to December, 2025. The age of enrolled women included that of 18-40. PCOS was diagnosed by using Rotterdam criteria after the secondary causes were excluded. The first-degree relatives were taken to be of type 2 diabetes because of the family history of diabetes. Anthropometric measurements, clinical measurements, and the measurement of fasting glucose were done. Associations were tested using chi-square and t-tests. Binary logistic regression delivered adjusted odds ratios (AOR) that confounded on the age as well as the BMI.
Results: 104 (32.5) participants among 320 participants in the study completed the requirements of PCOS. Hundred and eighty (36.9 percent) reported having a family history of diabetes in the 1 st degree. It was also established that the prevalence of PCOS was greater in women with a positive family history (44.1) than in those with a negative one (25.7) (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis also showed a positive correlation between family history of diabetes and PCOS (AOR 2.05; 95 percent confidence interval 1.26-3.33; p=0.004). PCOS was additionally also correlated with BMI independently (AOR 1.09 /kg/m2; p<0.001), but not with age.
Conclusion: The PCOS risk factor of diabetes that is independent of others is the first-degree family history of diabetes. Conducting routine screening of recent family history of diabetes can improve the process of early diagnosis and metabolic screening of the high-risk women.
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