MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN ATLAS VERTEBRA: AN OSTEOLOGICAL STUDY
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Keywords
Atlas vertebra; C1 morphometry; vertebral artery groove; ponticulus posticus craniovertebral junction
Abstract
The atlas vertebra (C1) plays a critical role at the craniovertebral junction by supporting the skull and facilitating complex head movements. Owing to its atypical structure and close association with vital neurovascular elements, particularly the vertebral artery, detailed morphometric knowledge of the atlas is essential for safe surgical and radiological practice.
The present descriptive study analysed 150 dry adult human atlas vertebrae from the Indian population to document morphometric parameters and morphological variations. Measurements included atlas width, transverse foraminal distances, vertebral canal dimensions, vertebral artery groove morphometry, and articular facet morphology, following
Established osteometric protocols. The study demonstrated measurable variability and significant side-to-side asymmetry in several parameters, especially those related to the vertebral artery groove and articular facets. These findings provide population-specific reference data and emphasise the importance of individualised anatomical assessment during craniovertebral junction procedures.
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