PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS LIFESTYLE CORRELATES AMONG ADULTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Main Article Content
Keywords
Metabolic syndrome, prevalence, lifestyle factors, tertiary care hospital, NCEP ATP III
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary practices have contributed to a rising burden of MetS in India, necessitating early identification and prevention strategies. The main was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults attending a tertiary care hospital and to assess its association with selected lifestyle factors.
Materials and Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adults aged ≥18 years attending a tertiary care hospital. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting biochemical parameters were recorded. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the modified NCEP ATP III criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 41%. Elevated blood pressure (60%) and abdominal obesity (52%) were the most common components. Metabolic syndrome was more frequent among females (45.2%) than males (37.9%), though the difference was not statistically significant. A sedentary lifestyle showed a significant association with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.02), while smoking and alcohol consumption showed higher prevalence without statistical significance.
Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent among adults attending the tertiary care hospital and was significantly associated with sedentary lifestyle. Early screening and lifestyle modification interventions at healthcare facilities are essential to reduce future cardiometabolic complications.
References
2. Santulli G. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the 21st century: updated numbers and updated facts. J Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;1:1–2.
3. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224–60.
4. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–421.
5. Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould CL, Hofman KJ. The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA. 2004;291(21):2616–22.
6. Thakur S, Raina S, Thakur S, Negi PC, Verma BS. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in the hills of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(5):723–6.
7. Osuji CU, Omejua EG. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(1):104–9.
8. Akintunde AA, Ayodele OE, Akinwusi PO, Opadijo GO. Metabolic syndrome: comparison of occurrence using three definitions in hypertensive patients. Clin Med Res. 2011;9(1):26–31.
9. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006;3(11):e442.
10. Lu B, Yang Y, Song X, Dong X, Zhang Z, Zhou L, et al. Evaluation of the IDF definition of metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients older than 30 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2006;55(8):1088–96.
11. Ezeala AC, Yohanna S, Obilom RE. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensive Patients Attending the General Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2019 Jan-Apr;36(1):5-10. English, French. PMID: 30924110.
12. Getenet H, Feleke Y, Tsigebrhan R, Lejisa T, Ashebir G. Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among patients with severe mental illness attending Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Apr 14;25(1):370. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06845-w. PMID: 40229724; PMCID: PMC11995647.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr Anilkumar Talikoti
Assistant Professor SSIMS, Davengere, Karnataka. Email: [email protected]
Dr Smita Hordi
Government Medical officer, Gulbarga. Email: [email protected]
