IMPACT OF POLYETHYLENE ON CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH IN PLASTIC RECYCLE FACTORY WORKERS

Main Article Content

Navjot kaur sidhu
Dr. Shahiduzzafar PhD

Keywords

CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, POLYETHYLENE, RECYCLE FACTORY

Abstract

Not many studies have been conducted on Plastic factory workers compared to those who work in recycling plastic factories and to those in Normal factories but do not recycle the plastic. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the Impact of Polyethylene on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Plastic Recycle Factory Workers.


Materials & Methods: A total of 100 participants was collected from plastic recycle factory. The participants were included as per the inclusion and exclusion. The participants were divided into two groups on basis of their work as: GROUP A -PLASTIC RECYCLE FACTORY WORKERS.GROUP B –NON-PLASTIC RECYCLE FACTORY WORKERS. Both groups were assessed for their Cardiorespiratory fitness by the treadmill stress testing. The Astrand Treadmill Test was done for the VO2max check.VO2 max = (Time × 1.444) + 14.99 is used for calculation VO2max level. Data was collected and analyzed with the help of SPSS 21 and MS Excel.


Results: The results are quite apparent and reveal that there is an influence on the Plastic Recycle Factory Workers lung health since the VO2 max is lower than it should be. (35-45 ml/kg/min>27.47±1.0381) Vo2max vs Age has a negative correlation of -.206 (Negative correlation), meaning that as age increases, the Vo2 max level decreases, and Vo2 max vs BMI has a negative correlation of -.148 (Negative correlation), meaning that as BMI rises, the Vo2 max level decreases.


Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, we are able to make the conclusion that there are stronger impacts of the cardiorespiratory fitness in factory workers who recycle plastic as compared to factory workers who operate in other types of materials. This demonstrates that working in a factory that recycles plastic can have significant negative impacts on one's health.

Abstract 16 | PDF Downloads 6

References

DeFina LF, Haskell WL, Willis BL, Barlow CE, Finley CE, Levine BD, et al. Physical Activity Versus Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Two (Partly) Distinct Components of Cardiovascular Health? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Jan 1;57(4):324–9.
2. Després JP. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviours, and Cardiovascular Health: When Will Cardiorespiratory Fitness Become a Vital Sign? Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;32(4):505–13.
3. Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Tomkinson GR. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: what percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(15):953–8.
4. Raghuveer G, Hartz J, Lubans DR, Takken T, Wiltz JL, Mietus-Snyder M, et al. Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;E101–18.
5. Bachmann JM, DeFina LF, Franzini L, Gao A, Leonard DS, Cooper KH, et al. Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle Age and Health Care Costs in Later Life. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(17):1876–85.
6. Christensen JR, Kongstad MB, Sjogaard G, Sogaard K. Sickness presenteeism among health care workers and the effect of BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength. J Occup Environ Med. 2015;57(12):e146–52.
7. Koubaa A, Triki M, Trabelsi H, Masmoudi L, Zeghal KN, Sahnoun Z, et al. Effect of low- intensity continuous training on lung function and cardiorespiratory fitness in both cigarette and hookah smokers. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15(4):1170–81.
8. Baur DM, Christophi CA, Tsismenakis AJ, Cook EF, Kales SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts cardiovascular risk profiles in career firefighters. J Occup Environ Med. 2011;53(10):1155–60.
9. Gill JMR. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance: A short update. Curr OpinLipidol. 2007;18(1):47–52.
10. Borghols EAM, Dresen MHW, Hollander AP. Influence of heavy weight carrying on the cardiorespiratory system during exercise. Eur J Appl PhysiolOccup Physiol. 1978;38(3):161–9.
11. Dankner R, Geulayov G, Farber N, Novikov I, Segev S, Sela BA. Cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma homocysteine levels in adult males and females. Israel Medical Association Journal. 2009;11(2):78–82.
12. Barba-Moreno L, Cupeiro R, Romero-Parra N, Janse De Jonge XAK, Peinado AB. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Endurance Exercise Over the Menstrual Cycle and With Oral Contraceptive Use.
13. Oliver M, Macdonald J, Rajwani M. The use of botulinum neurotoxin type A (Botox) for headaches: a case review. Vol. 50, J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2006. 34
14. Demirtaş H, Saygun M, Bayar Muluk N. Is there a relationship between occupational noise and hearing levels, sleep quality, and QoL of the factory workers? Neurological Sciences. 2022 Feb 1;43(2):1015–23.
15. Elagib MFA, Ghandour IA, Abdel Rahman ME, Baldo SMH, Idris AM. Influence of cement dust exposure on periodontal health of occupational workers. Toxin Rev. 2021;40(4):1496–504.
16. Norouzian Baghani A, Sorooshian A, Delikhoon M, Nabizadeh R, Nazmara S, Bakhtiari R. Pollution characteristics and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of fungal bioaerosol in different processing units of waste paper and cardboard recycling factory. Toxin Rev. 2021;40(4):752–63.
17. Mo PKH, Cheng Y, Lau JTF. Work-related factors on mental health among migrant factory workers in china: Application of the Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. Health Soc Care Community. 2022 Feb 1;30(2):656–67.
18. Côté D, Durant S, MacEachen E, Majowicz S, Meyer S, Huynh AT, et al. A rapid scoping review of COVID-19 and vulnerable workers: Intersecting occupational and public health issues. Vol. 64, American Journal of Industrial Medicine. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2021. p. 551–66.
19. Darboe B, Kao MY, Tsai D. Respiratory symptoms among municipal waste workers in the Gambia: Types of solid waste and working conditions. Int J Health Promot Educ. 2015 Jan 2;53(1):17–27.
20. Mahmood S. Female Garment Workers’ Understandings of HIV in Bangladesh. Article in American Journal of Public Health Research [Internet]. 2021;9(2):81–9. Available from: http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajphr/9/2/6
21. Gladding T, Thorn J, Stott D. Organic dust exposure and work-related effects among recycling workers. Am J Ind Med. 2003 Jun 1;43(6):584–91.
22. Gottesfeld P, Pokhrel AK. Review: Lead exposure in battery manufacturing and recycling in developing countries and among children in nearby communities. Vol. 8, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2011. p. 520–32.
23. Hsu YT, Su TY, Chen CY, Liao HY, Kuo YC, Wu W te, et al. Exposure profiles of workers from indium tin oxide target manufacturing and recycling factories in Taiwan. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Apr 1;233.
24. Wang YL, Lee YH, Chiu IJ, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Potent impact of plastic nanomaterials and micromaterials on the food chain and human health. Vol. 21, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI AG; 2020.
25. al Sayem Khan MA, Ahmad MH. EFFECT OF INDOOR CONDITION OF BANGLADESH FACTORY TO WORKERS HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management. 2022 Mar 8;7(27):405–16.
26. Kaifie A, Schettgen T, Bertram J, Löhndorf K, Waldschmidt S, Felten MK, et al. Informal e-waste recycling and plasma levels of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-35
27. Kandasamy SP, Akolkar AB, Manoharan A, Paranji S. Municipal solid waste management at Chennai in southern India - An occupational health perspective. Int J Health Promot Educ. 2013 Jan;51(1):50–61.
28. Fishwick D, Sen D, Barber C, Bradshaw L, Robinson E, Sumner J, et al. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A standard of care. Vol. 65, Occupational Medicine. Oxford University Press; 2015. p. 270–82.
29. Leung AOW, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Cheung KC, Wong MH. Heavy metals concentrations of surface dust from e-waste recycling and its human health implications in southeast China. Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Apr 1;42(7):2674–80.
30. Abdel-Rasoul G, Abu-Salem M, elShazly H, Allam H, Salem E, Ahmed A. Respiratory and auditory health disorders among workers in a plastic factory (industrial zone, Queisna City, Menoufia Governorate). Menoufia Medical Journal. 2016;29(3):757.
31. Paudyal P, Semple S, Niven R, Tavernier G, Ayres JG. Exposure to dust and endotoxin in textile processing workers. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2011 May;55(4):403–9.
32. Unwin J, Coldwell MR, Keen C, McAlinden JJ. Airborne emissions of carcinogens and respiratory sensitizers during thermal processing of plastics. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2013 Apr;57(3):399–406.
33. Mwaiselage J, Moen B, Bråtveit M. Acute respiratory health effects among cement factory workers in Tanzania: An evaluation of a simple health surveillance tool. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006 Jan;79(1):49–56.
34. Khaliq F, Vaney N. Pulmonary functions in plastic factory workers: A preliminary study [Internet]. Article in Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2011. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221815927
35. Rafey A, Siddiqui FZ. A review of plastic waste management in India–challenges and opportunities. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2021;
36. Angaw Y, Kumie A, Tefera Y, Wakuma S, Nega A, Hidru HD, et al. Temporary hearing loss and associated factors among aykaaddis textile factory workers in Oromia region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:719–28.
37. Shin SH, Kim HO, Rim KT. Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues. Vol. 10, Safety and Health at Work. Elsevier Science B.V.; 2019. p. 409–19.
38. Wang Y, Hu J, Lin W, Wang N, Li C, Luo P, et al. Health risk assessment of migrant workers’ exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in air and dust in an e-waste recycling area in China: Indication for a new wealth gap in environmental rights. Environ Int. 2016 Feb 1;87:33–41.