RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF DEFERRAL RATE AMONG VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONORS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN UTTARA KANNADA DISTRICT
Main Article Content
Keywords
Blood donor, Deferral, Temporary, Permanent.
Abstract
Blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure in several medical and surgical conditions. Blood safety is a major issue world-wide in transfusion medicine. Donor selection criteria are essential in blood donation assessment, prioritizing both recipient and donor safety. Temporary causes for deferral should be counseled while permanent causes deferred for a life time. It is important to analyze the varied reasons of deferrals in order to lessen the deferrals in the future.
OBJECTIVES: 1.To analyze and categorize the reasons for donor deferral among blood donors ( temporary / permanent) 2.To implement possible recommendations for reducing preventable donor deferrals among blood donors
Methods: Retrospective analysis was done in blood center, tertiary care hospital from April 2023 to March 2025. Sample size is calculated by universal sampling. Data was collected from the blood donor’s standard questionnaire forms and rejection register. Criteria for donor rejection was followed with Drug and Cosmetics act 1940, last amended March 2020. Rate of rejection= Number of deferral/ Total number of donors x 100. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive analysis.
Results: A total of 4937 blood donors were registered during the study period in which 4590(92.96%) were males and 357(7.23%) were females. A total of 217(4.39%) donors were deferred due to various reasons. Among these, 206(94.93%) were temporary and 11(5.07%) were permanent deferrals. The main reason for temporary deferral is recent alcohol intake 42(20.39%), high blood pressure 25(12.14%) and low hemoglobin 24(11.65%); while for permanent deferral was cardiac disease 3(27.27%),hypothyroidism 3(27.27%), and uncontrolled diabetes 3(27.27%). The donor deferral rate in our study is 4.3%.
Conclusion: Blood donor deferrals lead to loss of precious blood/blood components available for transfusion in emergency situation. To avoid such problems, we should be aware about its reasons and frequency. To improve donor eligibility and retention, targeted strategies including enhanced education and community engagement with pre donation awareness programs are essential to strengthen blood transfusion services.
References
2. Singh JR, husains S, Singh A, Giri VP, Singh S. Blood donor deferral pattern at tertiary care teaching institute in western Uttarpradesh, India. JPTCP 2023; 30(17): 1068-1074
3. Prajapati DR, Parmar BH. A study of whole blood donor deferrals in the blood bank of a rural medical college in India. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, October-December 2017;4(4):501-506
4. Shetty P, Reddy SV, Acharya N. Blood donor selection profile: An important tool in ensuring transfusion safety. Arch Med Health Sci.2024;12(2):74-79
5. Malhotra S, Negi G. Analysis of reasons of blood donor deferral at a tertiary care institute in India and its reflections on community health status. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2023 Jan-Jun;17(1):48-52.
6. Bobati SS, Basavraj V, Prakash P. Analysis of predonation loss of blood donors due to deferrals in a tertiary care hospital set up. Int J Health Allied Sci 2016;5:15-8.
7. Serrano-Delgado VM, Valdez-Martínez E, Márquez-González H. Donor notification of permanent deferral: a qualitative study on the perceptions and practices of notifier and blood donor in Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jun 10;22(1):761
8. Sanjana SK, Rupashree S, Geethalakshmi U, Aithal AV, Babu KR. Evaluation of blood donor deferrals in a government teaching hospital. Int J Res Med Sci 2024;12:536-40.
9. Shoba KL, Babu PS. A cross-sectional study of the reasons for deferral of voluntary blood donors at a district blood bank attached to a medical college hospital in southern Karnataka. Indian J Pathol Oncol. 2018;5(2):237-41.
10. Dipakkumar R. Prajapati , BH Parmar. A study of whole blood donor deferrals in the blood bank of a rural medical college in India. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, October-December 2017;4(4):501-506
11. Pandey HC, Chaudhary R, Elhence P, Verma A et al. Evaluation of individuals deferred from blood donation for medical reasons. Asian J Transfus Sci 2011;5:63-109.
12. Rehman S, Arif SH, Mehdi G, Mirza S, Saeed N, et al. The Evaluation of Blood Donor Deferral Causes: A Tertiary Care Centre-based Study. J Blood Disorders Transf 2012;3:131.
13. Das S, Brahma V, Rahman S, Borsaikia K. Analysis of blood donor deferral in a tertiary hospital based blood bank from north east india. IJMSDR 2019; 3(7): 138-141
14. E. Sabari Priya. Retrospective analysis of patterns of donor deferral among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2019;6(1):A6-A9
15. Chauhan DN, Desai KN, Trivedi HJ, Agnihotri AS. Evaluation of blood donor deferral cause: a tertiary-care center- based study. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2015:4:389-92.
16. Patel S, Patel J, Patel A, Pandya AN, Raja K, Dobariya G et al. The Study of deferred blood donors at tertiary level hospital based blood bank of South Gujarat. J evolution Medic dental Sci. 2015;4:4590-98.
17. Chenna D, Shastry S, Murugesan M, Baliga PB. Implication of deferral pattern on the donor pool: study at a tertiary care hospital. J Appl Hematol. 2015;6(3):111-4.
18. Agnihotri N. Whole blood donor deferral analysis at a center in Western India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2010;4:116‑22.
19. Shrivastava M, Shah N, Navaid S, Agarwal K, Sharma G. Blood donor selection and deferral pattern as an important tool for blood safety in a tertiary care hospital. Asain J Trans Sci. 2016;10(2):122-6.
20. Patil O, Jayaprakash CS. Evaluation of Causes of Deferral among Blood Donors. J Hematol Transfus2021; 8(1): 1089-93
21. Shaikh M, Bhandare SS, Mashelkar P, Jog K. Profile of Blood Donors and Reasons for Deferral at a District Hospital in North Goa. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine2024; 12(1):12-18
22. Tomasulo PA, Anderson AJ, Paluso MB, Gutschenritter MA, Aster RH. A study of criteria for blood donor deferral. Transfusion 2003;20(5):511-18.
23. Vijayvergiya G, Fulzele P, Vairyamoorthy N. Retrospective analysis of the most common cause of rejection of donors for blood donation. Int J Adv Med. 2021;8:444-7
24. Kulkarni N. Analysis of donor deferral in blood donors. J Evol Med Dent Sci 2012;1:1076‑82.
25. Sharma T, Singh B, Bhatt GC. Profile of deferral of blood donors in regional blood transfusion center in North India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2013;7:163‑4.
26. Sundar P, Sangeetha SK, Seema DM, Marimuthu P, Shivanna N. Pre‑donation deferral of blood donors in South Indian set‑up: An analysis. Asian J Transfus Sci 2010;4:112‑5.
27. Unnikrishnan B, Rao P, Kumar N, Ganti S, Prasad R, Amarnath A et al. Profile of blood donors and reasons for deferral in coastal South India. AMJ 2011; 4(7): 379-385
28. Rabeya Y, Rapiaah M, Rosline H, Ahmed SA, Zaidah WA, Roshan TM. Blood pre‑donation deferrals – A teaching hospital experience. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2008;39:571‑4.
29. Charles KS, Hughes P, Gadd R, Bodkyn CJ, Rodriquez M. Evaluation of blood donor deferral causes in the Trinidad and Tobago National Blood Transfusion Service. Transfusion Med. 2010;20(1):11-14.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Lakshmishruthi Vytla
Postgraduate, Department of Pathology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Roopa Urs A. N.
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Vijay P.M.
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Nandini S. Nayak
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Chitradurga Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India.
