HEALTH PROFESSIONALS' PERSPECTIVES ON COSMETIC USE DURING PREGNANCY
Main Article Content
Keywords
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Abstract
There are many chemicals found in cosmetic products that pose potential health risks, especially during pregnancy, including phthalates, parabens, and UV filters. A study was conducted to assess the cosmetic use habits and perceptions of risks associated with these products among pregnant women (PW) and non-pregnant women (NPW). Among the participants were 175 women, 85 of whom were NPWs and 90 of whom were PWs. During pregnancy, 28 personal care products (PCPs) and makeup items were examined to determine how their use changed. According to the study, the general use of cosmetics by NPWs and PWs was not significantly different. However, pregnant women tended to use some products less frequently due to concerns about ingredient safety, such as hair dye, deodorants, and nail polish. A survey was also conducted to assess women's perceptions of risks and their desire for doctor-advised cosmetic use during pregnancy. While cosmetics may contain potentially harmful chemicals, 45% of women believed there was no risk associated with their use. Even though there were few changes observed in cosmetic use, more information about safe products during pregnancy was greatly desired. Pregnant women in particular should receive better information concerning the risks of cosmetic ingredients, and pharmacists can provide advice on safe cosmetic choices. To better understand the long-term effects of cosmetic use during pregnancy and the effectiveness of educational interventions, more research is needed.
References
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2. Juhász, M.L., & Marmur, E.S. "A review of selected chemical additives in cosmetic products." Dermatol. Ther., vol. 27, 2014, pp. 317–322.
3. Witorsch, R.J., & Thomas, J.A. "Personal care products and endocrine disruption: A critical review of the literature." Crit. Rev. Toxicol., vol. 40, 2010, pp. 1–30.
4. Dodson, R.E., Nishioka, M., Standley, L.J., Perovich, L.J., Brody, J.G., & Rudel, R.A. "Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products." Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 120, 2012, pp. 935–943.
5. Bocca, B., Pino, A., Alimonti, A., & Forte, G. "Toxic metals contained in cosmetics: A status report." Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 68, 2014, pp. 447–467.
6. Wormuth, M., Scheringer, M., Vollenweider, M., & Hungerbühler, K. "What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans?" Risk Anal., vol. 26, 2006, pp. 803–824.
7. Chevillotte, G., Ficheux, A.S., Morisset, T., & Roudot, A.C. "Exposure method development for risk assessment to cosmetic products using a standard composition." Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 68, 2014, pp. 108–116.
8. Philippat, C., Mortamais, M., Chevrier, C., Petit, C., Calafat, A.M., Ye, X., Silva, M.J., Brambilla, C., Pin, I., Charles, M., et al. "Exposure to phthalates and phenols during pregnancy and offspring size at birth." Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 120, 2012, pp. 464–470.
9. Ko, A., Kang, H.S., Park, J.H., Kwon, J.E., Moon, G.I., Hwang, M.S., & Hwang, I.G. "The association between urinary benzophenone concentrations and personal care product use in Korean adults." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2015.
10. Janjua, N.R., Mortensen, G.K., Andersson, A.M., Kongshoj, B., Skakkebaek, N.E., & Wulf, H.C. "Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans." Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 41, 2007, pp. 5564–5570.
11. Braun, J.M., Just, A.C., Williams, P.L., Smith, K.W., Calafat, A.M., & Hauser, R. "Personal care product use and urinary phthalate metabolite and paraben concentrations during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic." J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., vol. 24, 2014, pp. 459–466.
12. Larsson, K., Ljung Björklund, K., Palm, B., Wennberg, M., Kaj, L., Lindh, C.H., Jönsson, B.A., & Berglund, M. "Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children." Environ. Int., vol. 73, 2014, pp. 323–333.
13. Den Hond, E., Paulussen, M., Geens, T., Bruckers, L., Baeyens, W., David, F., Dumont, E., Loots, I., Morrens, B., de Bellevaux, B.N., et al. "Biomarkers of human exposure to personal care products: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS 2007–2011)." Sci. Total Environ., vol. 463, 2013, pp. 102–110.
14. Martina, C.A., Weiss, B., & Swan, S.H. "Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors." Neurotoxicology, vol. 33, 2012, pp. 1427–1433.
15. Koniecki, D., Wang, R., Moody, R.P., & Zhu, J. "Phthalates in cosmetic and personal care products: Concentrations and possible dermal exposure." Environ. Res., vol. 111, 2011, pp. 329–336.
16. Parlett, L.E., Calafat, A.M., & Swan, S.H. "Women’s exposure to phthalates in relation to use of personal care products." J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., vol. 23, 2013, pp. 197–206.
17. Buckley, J.P., Palmieri, R.T., Matuszewski, J.M., Herring, A.H., Baird, D.D., Hartmann, K.E., & Hoppin, J.A. "Consumer product exposures associated with urinary phthalate levels in pregnant women." J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., vol. 22, 2012, pp. 468–475.
18. Mendelsohn, E., Hagopian, A., Hoffman, K., Butt, C.M., Lorenzo, A., Congleton, J., Webster, T.F., & Stapleton, H.M. "Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate." Environ. Int., vol. 86, 2015, pp. 45–51.
19. Lemini, C., Jaimez, R., Avila, M.E., Franco, Y., Larrea, F., & Lemus, A.E. "In vivo and in vitro estrogen bioactivities of alkyl parabens." Toxicol. Ind. Health, vol. 19, 2003, pp. 69–79.
20. Pugazhendhi, D., Pope, G.S., & Darbre, P.D. "Oestrogenic activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (common metabolite of paraben esters) and methylparaben in human breast cancer cell lines." J. Appl. Toxicol., vol. 25, 2005, pp. 301–309.
21. Howdeshell, K.L., Wilson, V.S., Furr, J., Lambright, C.R., Rider, C.V., Blystone, C.R., Hotchkiss, A.K., & Gray, L.E. "A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the sprague-dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner." Toxicol. Sci., vol. 105, 2008, pp. 153–165.
22. Stoker, T.E., Gibson, E.K., & Zorrilla, L.M. "Triclosan exposure modulates estrogen-dependent responses in the female wistar rat." Toxicol. Sci., vol. 117, 2010, pp. 45–53.
23. Axelstad, M., Boberg, J., Vinggaard, A.M., Christiansen, S., & Hass, U. "Triclosan exposure reduces thyroxine levels in pregnant and lactating rat dams and in directly exposed offspring." Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 59, 2013, pp. 534–540.
24. Liu, X., Ji, K., & Choi, K. "Endocrine disruption potentials of organophosphate flame retardants and related mechanisms in H295R and MVLN cell lines and in zebrafish." Aquat. Toxicol., vol. 114, 2012, pp. 173–181.
25. Schreurs, R.H., Sonneveld, E., Jansen, J.H., Seinen, W., & van der Burg, B. "Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays." Toxicol. Sci., vol. 83, 2005, pp. 264–272.
26. Suzuki, T., Kitamura, S., Khota, R., Sugihara, K., Fujimoto, N., & Ohta, S. "Estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of 17 benzophenone derivatives used as UV stabilizers and sunscreens." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., vol. 203, 2005, pp. 9–17.
27. Dann, A.B., & Hontela, A. "Triclosan: Environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of action." J. Appl. Toxicol., vol. 31, 2011, pp. 285–311.
28. Swan, S.H., Sathyanarayana, S., Barrett, E.S., Janssen, S., Liu, F., Nguyen, R.H.N., & Redmon, J.B. "First trimester phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in newborns." Hum. Reprod., vol. 30, 2015, pp. 963–972.
29. Marie, C., Vendittelli, F., & Sauvant-Rochat, M.P. "Obstetrical outcomes and biomarkers to assess exposure to phthalates: A review." Environ. Int., vol. 83, 2015, pp. 116–136.
30. Meeker, J.D., & Stapleton, H.M. "House dust concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants in relation to hormone levels and semen quality parameters." Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 118, 2010, pp. 318–323.
31. Buck, Louis G.M., Kannan, K., Sapra, K.J., Maisog, J., & Sundaram, R. "Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet radiation filters and couples’ fecundity." Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 180, 2014, pp. 1168–1175.
32. Kunisue, T., Chen, Z., Buck, Louis G.M., Sundaram, R., Hediger, M.L., Sun, L., & Kannan, K. "Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type UV filters in U.S. women and their association with endometriosis." Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 46, 2012, pp. 4624–4632.
33. Vélez, M.P., Arbuckle, T.E., & Fraser, W.D. "Female exposure to phenols and phthalates and time to pregnancy: The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study." Fertil. Steril., vol. 103, 2015, pp. 1011–1020.
34. Biesterbos, J.W.H., Dudzina, T., Delmaar, C.J.E., Bakker, M.I., Russel, F.G.M., von Goetz, N., Scheepers, P.T., & Roeleveld, N. "Usage patterns of personal care products: Important factors for exposure assessment." Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 55, 2013, pp. 8–17.
35. Manová, E., von Goetz, N., Keller, C., Siegrist, M., & Hungerbühler, K. "Use patterns of leave-on personal care products among Swiss-German children, adolescents, and adults." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., vol. 10, 2013, pp. 2778–2798.
36. Just, A.C., Whyatt, R.M., Perzanowski, M.S., Calafat, A.M., Perera, F.P., Goldstein, I.F., Chen, Q., Rundle, A.G., & Miller, R.L. "Prenatal exposure to butylbenzyl phthalate and early eczema in an urban cohort." Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 120, 2012, pp. 1475–1480.
37. Lang, C., Fisher, M., Neisa, A., MacKinnon, L., Kuchta, S., MacPherson, S., Probert, A., & Arbuckle, T.E. "Personal care product use in pregnancy and the postpartum period: Implications for exposure assessment." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., vol. 13, 2016, p. 105.
38. Barrett, E.S., Sathyanarayana, S., Janssen, S., Redmon, J.B., Nguyen, R.H.N., Kobrosly, R., Swan, S.H., & TIDES Study Team. "Environmental health attitudes and behaviors: Findings from a large pregnancy cohort study." Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., vol. 176, 2014, pp. 119–125.
39. Wu, X.M., Bennett, D.H., Ritz, B., Cassady, D.L., Lee, K., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. "Usage pattern of personal care products in California households." Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 48, 2010, pp. 3109–3119.
40. Picard, D., Sellier, S., Houivet, E., Marpeau, L., Fournet, P., Thobois, B., Bénichou, J., & Joly, P. "Incidence and risk factors for striae gravidarum." J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 73, 2015, pp. 699–700.
41. National Toxicology Program (NTP). "Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition. Formaldehyde." 2014. Available online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/formaldehyde.pdf [Accessed: 7 December 2015].
42. National Toxicology Program (NTP). "Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition. 1,4-Dioxane." 2014. Available online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/dioxane.pdf [Accessed: 7 December 2015].
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Published
Dec 20, 2023
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Dr. Ayesha, & Dr. Madhavi Latha. (2023). HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVES ON COSMETIC USE DURING PREGNANCY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 2444-2456. https://doi.org/10.53555/jmnsrj04
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Author Biographies
Dr. Ayesha
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India.
Dr. Madhavi Latha
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, India.
How to Cite
Dr. Ayesha, & Dr. Madhavi Latha. (2023). HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVES ON COSMETIC USE DURING PREGNANCY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 2444-2456. https://doi.org/10.53555/jmnsrj04
