NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND SERUM ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY LEVELS IN DEMENTIA AND HIGH-RISK GROUPS

Abstract

Dementia is defined as a gradual cognitive impairment with quantifiable interference of cortical electrophysiological activity. This is important to recognise predisposed people who have not deteriorated to a great extent to provide early therapeutic care. The study has explored the electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillatory activities and serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) to identify the relationships between autoimmune tissue markers and neural slowing in dementia and the high-risk population. A cross-sectional approach of analysis was analytical and evaluate clinically diagnosed dementia patients, people with early cognitive vulnerability, and cognitively normal controls. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) screening and standardised EEG recording (10-20 system) were done for all the participants. Strong evidence of cortical slowing of the brain was shown by dementia participants with sharp decreases in alpha and beta activity and significant increases in theta and delta power. There were intermediate deviations in high-risk people, which implies that there were emerging changes in electrophysiology before cognitive degradation. The ANA levels of subjects with dementia were greater and were trending toward association with lower alpha/theta ratios, which could imply an immune-mediated role in impaired neural processing. Normal controls had the normal pattern of EEG and lower ANA titers. These results imply that a combination of EEG measures and ANA evaluation potentially gives a valuable contribution to early immune-related cortical impairment and that it can be utilised in identifying those who are on the way to dementia.