CORRELATION OF CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS WITH GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Glycaemic Control, Anthropometry, Cardiovascular Risk, Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk due to subclinical atherosclerosis. Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) is a non-invasive marker for early atherosclerotic changes.
Objectives: To assess CIMT in patients with T2DM and determine its correlation with glycaemic control and anthropometric risk factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Solan over 18 months. A total of 80 T2DM patients aged 25–60 years were recruited. CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography at three points on each side of the common carotid artery. Glycaemic control was assessed using fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Anthropometric data including BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.0, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 48.1 years. The mean CIMT was 0.77 mm on the right and 0.773 mm on the left. High-risk CIMT values were observed in 26.3% of participants. CIMT showed a statistically significant positive correlation with BMI (r=0.313, p=0.005), waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.672, p<0.0001), HbA1c (r=0.664, p<0.001), and total cholesterol (r=0.413, p=0.003). Most participants (77.5%) had no detectable carotid plaque.
Conclusion: CIMT is significantly associated with poor glycaemic control and adverse anthropometric indices in T2DM patients. Routine CIMT assessment may help in early detection of cardiovascular risk and guide preventive strategies in this population.
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Dr. Kapil Singh Turan
Senior Resident, Dept. of General Medicine, MM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, India
Dr. Shrey Bhatla
Senior Resident, Dept. of General Medicine, MM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, India
Dr. Shubham Girdher
Senior Resident, Dept. of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
Dr. Sarvesh Chandel
Senior Resident, Dept. of General Medicine, MM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, India
Dr. Kiran Kumar Singal
Professor, Dept. of General Medicine, MM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, India