BIOAVAILABILITY AND PHARMACOKINETICS, DRUG LIKELINESS PREDICTIONS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ALOE VERA USING SWISS ADME AND PHYRE 2.0 SOFTWARE

Abstract

Medicinal plants gained a lot of importance in health improvement and curing many ailments. The natural flora has become a very useful source in India and has variety of species which is still use in various parts of our world. Though the WHO reported that 60% of population in world represented the use of traditional medicines  .A  Decade ago, synthetic drugs got much importance in market for its effectiveness and unanticipated side effects whereas herbal drugs has no such side effects and it is safe and efficient has made benefit over synthetic one.In modern pharmacopoeia 25% drugs and great number of synthetic analogues are present derived from plant compounds.Beginning from the morphine which was isolated from opium early 19^th century , now active compounds are also isolated from medicinal plants.Several epidemiological studies shows that usage of natural foods and plant derived compounds in diet has less chances of cancer in future.Many studies showed that bioactive compounds are especially had lot of effectiveness towards parasites and infectious diseases.

A great number of natural products derived from medicinal products can be prepared as lead compounds to synthesize novel drug compounds. These are known as semi synthetic drugs.For example modification of salicylic acid that was produced from many plants used regarding pain relieving effets.so, that active constituent acts as synthetic derivative to prepare aspirin.

Aloevera ,which is also knowns as Aloe barbadensis mill is presently included in Asphodeleceae family or Liliaceae.It is in triangular leaves with sharp edges, yellow tubular flowers and fruits.It is widely available in arid regions of Africa ,Asia ,America and Europe.In India , Aloe is mostly cultivated in Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh , Rajasthan , Gujarat , Tamilnadu. Aloevera leaves compromised  of three layers  Inside layer , center layer and outer layer. Inside layer consists of 99% of water ,aminoacids ,vitamins,lipids ,sterols and glucomannans.Center layer has latex , glycosides and anthraquinones.Synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins occurs in outer layer of leaves.

Aloe vera has 75 potentially active compounds i.e., Vitamins,enzymes,minerals, lignins,saponins and various aminoacids.Vitamins like Vitamin A , vitaminC, vitamin E and antioxidants which protect body from free radicals generate by Food, Water soluble vitamins like B1,B2,B6 and B12 are the mostly present in leaves of aloevera.Enzymes are present in the gel part of the leaf i.e., amylase, alkaline phosphatase ,oxidase ,catalase ,lipase , bradykinase which helps in breakdown of fats and reduces the inflammation of skin.There are dense package of minerals available, those are calcium ,magnesium, manganese ,copper ,sodium, selenium, and zinc. Some of the sugars are glucomannans  ,alprogen , which is a glycoprotein has anti allergic activity and C-glucosyl chromone has anti inflammatory activity. Extraction of phenolic compounds shows the presence of Aloisin , aloinoside ,aloin ,hydroxy aloin, aloediol, aloeveroside, oleoresin, isoaloeresin D, Isoaloeresin E , Aloe-emodin ,emodin ,and Physcione. Commonly present aminoacids are Phenylalanine ,arginine, serine ,histidine.High concentration of tannins, saponins, flavonoids ,alkaloids and anthraquinones.  These potent phytochemical constituents have many health benefits and across the world it acts as traditional medicine for various ailments. Some of the them are