STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D STATUS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a potential modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific relationship between vitamin D status and myocardial infarction risk remains incompletely understood.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 356 participants aged 45-75 years without prior myocardial infarction, followed for 24 months. Participants were categorized into three groups based on baseline serum 25(OH)D levels: deficient (<20 ng/mL, n=128), insufficient (20-29 ng/mL, n=142), and sufficient (≥30 ng/mL, n=86). Primary outcome was incident myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Serum 25(OH)D, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed.

Results: Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were 15.8 ± 3.4 ng/mL, 24.6 ± 2.8 ng/mL, and 36.2 ± 5.4 ng/mL in the deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups, respectively. During follow-up, myocardial infarction occurred in 24.2% of vitamin D deficient participants, 12.7% in insufficient, and 4.7% in sufficient groups (p<0.001). After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with increased myocardial infarction risk (hazard ratio 4.18, 95% CI: 1.86-9.42, p=0.001). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly elevated in the deficient group (4.8 ± 2.2 mg/L vs. 2.1 ± 1.4 mg/L, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with significantly increased myocardial infarction risk. These findings suggest that vitamin D status assessment and optimization may represent important strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention.