A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTICAL STUDY ASSESSING BRAIN CT FINDINGS IN HEAD TRAUMA PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing significantly to long-term neurological disability and socioeconomic burden. It results from an external mechanical force that causes temporary or permanent impairment of brain function, often manifesting as alterations in consciousness, behavior, cognition, or motor performance. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes, and neuroimaging—particularly computed tomography (CT) of the brain—plays a pivotal role in the initial evaluation and management of head trauma.

Objective of the study : This study aims to analyze and evaluate the spectrum of CT scan findings in patients with head injury admitted to RIMS, Raichur. By identifying common radiological patterns and correlating them with clinical presentations, the study seeks to enhance understanding of the severity and nature of intracranial injuries, thereby assisting in timely intervention and improved prognostic assessment.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study included eighty patients with head trauma who presented at RIMS Raichur between September 1^st , 2024, and February 28^th, 2025, and underwent brain CT scans. A census-based sampling method was utilized, and data were gathered using a structured checklist. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software

Results: The study included 80 patients (mean age 48.7 ± 24.23 years, range 1–99), with 30% women and 70% men. TBI incidence was highest in the 70–80 age group  and lowest in the 50–60 . Car accidents were the leading cause of head trauma . CT scans were abnormal in 85% of cases, revealing subdural hemorrhage (8 cases), frontal bone fractures (6 cases), and cytotoxic edema (7 cases). Temporal fractures (8 cases, 22.22%) and linear fractures (13 cases, 59.09%) were the most common location and type, respectively. Most TBIs were mild (30 cases), with moderate TBIs being least common (21 cases). Significant associations were observed between injury type, gender, and trauma mechanism

Interpretation &Conclusion: In summary, this study underscores the need for ongoing research and tailored management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), accounting for regional and demographic variations. Timely diagnosis and intervention remain crucial for optimal outcomes. Expanding access to computed tomography (CT) scanning—especially in resource-limited areas—is vital for accurate, rapid assessment and improved survival. The findings also call for region-specific health policies, greater public awareness, and better rehabilitation access. Collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, and policymakers are essential to translate evidence into practice and reduce the global burden of TBI through a holistic, data-driven, and technology-supported approach