COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MEDIASTINAL LESIONS – A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY
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Keywords
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has transformed the evaluation of mediastinal lesions, enabling superior tissue characterization and precise anatomical localization. This prospective study of sixty patients assessed the diagnostic yield, compartmental distribution, and histopathological correlation of mediastinal lesions using CT at a tertiary hospital, highlighting patterns unique to the regional population.
References
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2. Pugatch RD, Faling LJ, Robins AH. Computerised Tomographic diagnosis of benign mediastinal abnormalities. AJR 1980; 134: 685.
3. Redina A et al. Computerised Tomographic staging of anterior mediastinal neoplasms. Thorax 1988; 43: 441 – 45.
4. Crowe JK, Brown LR, Muhm JR. Computed Tomography of the Mediastinum. Radiology 1978;128:75-87.
5. Webb WR. Advances in computed tomography of the thorax. Radiol Clin North Am 1983;21(4):723-29.
6. Baron RL, Lee JKT, Sagel SS, Levitt RG. Computed Tomography of the abnormal thymus. Radiology 1982;142:127-34.
7. Baron RL, Levitt RG, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ. Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal widening. Radiology 1981;138:107-13.
8. Naidich DP, Webb WR, Muller NL, Zerhouni EA, Seigelmann SS. Mediastinum, Chapter 2 In: Naidich DP, Muller NL, Zerhouni EA, Webb WR, Krinsky GA (eds) Computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance of the thorax, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 1999:38-160.
9. Armstrong R, Padley SPG. The mediastinum, Chapter 17 In: Grainger RG, Allison D, Adam A, Dixon AK (eds), Diagnostic radiology. 2001:1(4);353-76.
10. Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Galobardes J, Morán CA. Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1992;12:151-68.
11. Do YS, Im JG, Lee BH et al. CT findings in malignant tumors of thymic epithelium. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995;19:192-7.
12. Strollo DC, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Jett JR. Primary mediastinal tumors. Part I. Tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Chest 1997;112: 511-22.
13. Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A et al. Imaging of cystic masses of the mediastinum. Radio graphics 2002;22:579-93.
14. McAdams HP, Kirejczyk WM, Rosado-de-Christenson ML et al. Bronchogenic cyst: Imaging features with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2000;217:441-6.
15. Aktogu S, Yuncu G, Halilcolar H et al. Bronchogenic cysts: Clinicopathological presentation and treatment. Eur Respir J 1996;9: 2017-21.
16. Kawashima A, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Nixon MS. CT of posterior mediastinal masses. Radiographics 1991;11:1045-67.
17. Ribet ME, Cardot GR. Neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Ann Thor Surg 1994;58:1091-95.
18. Reed JC, Haller KK, Feigin OS. Neural tumors of the thorax: Subject review from the AFIP. Radiology 1978;126:9-17.
19. Waldron JA Jr, Dohring EJ, Farber LR. Primary large cell lymphomas of the mediastinum: An analysis of 20 cases. Semin Diagn Pathol 1985;2:281.
20. Panicek DM, Harty MP, Scicutella CJ, Carsky EW. Calcification in untreated mediastinal lymphoma. Radiology 1988;166:735-6.
21. Castellino RA. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: practical concepts for the diagnostic radiologist. Radiology 1991;178:315-21.
22. Nguyen BT. Computed tomography of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Seminars in Roentgenology 2001;36(4):309-24.
23. Felson B. The mediastinum, Chapter 11, In: Felson B (ed) Chest Roentgenology, Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders; 2002:389-420.
24. Fraser RS, Pare PD, Colman N, Miller NL (eds) In: Diagnosis of diseases of the chest, 4th edition, Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders; 1999:875-983.
25. Heitzmann ER. The Mediastinum: Radiologic correlations with anatomy and pathology .CV Mosby, St Louis, 1977:216-334.
26. Haaga JR, Dogra VS, Forsting M, Gilkeson RC, Ha HK, Sundaram M. CT and MRI of the whole body. 5thed. Chapter 24, Mediastinum. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:p. 974-5.
27. Benjamin SP, McCormack LJ, Effler DB. Primary tumors of the mediastinum. Chest 1972;62:297-303.
28. Gale AW, Jelihovsky T, Grant AF, Leckie BD, Nicks R. Neurogenic Tumors of the Mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 1974;17:434-43.
29. Feigin DS, Fenoglio JJ, McAllister HA, Madewell JE. Pericardial Cysts: A RadiologicPathologic Correlation and Review. Radiology 1977;125:15-20.
30. Polansky SM, Barwick KW, Ravin CE. Primary mediastinal seminoma. AJR 1979;132(1):1721.
31. Baron RL, Levitt RG, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ. Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal widening. Radiology 1981;138:107-13.
32. Kron IL, Cantrell RW, Johns ME, Joob A, Minor G. Computerized axial tomography of the esophagus to determine the suitability for blunt esophagectomy. Ann Surg 1984;200(2):173–4.
33. Katlic MR, Wang C, Grillo HC. Substernal Goiter. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;39:391-9.
34. Brown LR, Reiman HM, Rosenow EC III, Gloviczki PM, Divertie MB. Intrathoracic lymphangioma. Mayo Clin Proc 1986;61:882–92.
35. Graeber GM, Shriver CD, Albus RA, Burton NA, Collins GJ, Lough FC et al. The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal masses. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1986;91:662-6.
36. Davis RD, Oldham HN, Sabiston DC. Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum:
37. Recent changes in clinical presentations, methods of diagnosis, management and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:229-37.
38. Rebner M, Gross BH, Robertson JM, Pennes DR, Spizarny DL, Glazer GM. CT evaluation of mediastinal masses. Computerized Radiol 1987; 11(3):103-10.
39. Chen J, Weisbrod GL, Herman SJ. Computed tomography and pathologic correlations of thymic lesion. J Thorac Imaging 1988;3:61-5.
40. Peylan-Ramu N, Haddy TB, Jones E, Horvath K, Adde MA, Magrath IT. High frequency of benign mediastinal uptake of gallium-67 after completion of chemotherapy in children with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. American Society of Clinical Oncology 1989;7(12):1800-6.
41. Kawashima A, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Nixon MS. CT of Posterior Mediastinal Masses. Radiographics 1991;11:1045-67.
42. Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Galobardes J, Morán CA. Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1992;12:151-68.
43. Im JG, Itoh H, Shim YS. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: CT findings early active disease and sequential change with antituberculous therapy. Radiology 1993;186:653-60.
44. Ribet ME, Cardot GR. Neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Ann Thor Surg 1994;58:1091-95.
45. Yim AP. Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Management of Anterior Mediastinal Masses.
46. Preliminary Experience and Results. Surgical Endoscopy 1995;9(11):1184-8.
47. Ahn JM, Lee KS, Goo JM, Song KS, Kim SJ, Im JG. Predicting the Histology of Anterior Mediastinal Masses: Comparison of Chest Radiography and CT. Journal of Thoracic Imaging 1996;11(4):265-71.
48. Sommer T, Fehske W, Holzknecht N, Smekal AV, Keller E, Lutterbey G et al. Aortic dissection: a comparative study of diagnosis with spiral CT, multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography, and MR imaging. Radiology 1996;199(2):347-52.
49. Massie RJ, Van Asperen PP, Mellis CM. A Review of Open Biopsy for Mediastinal Masses. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 1997;33(3):230-3.
50. Moeller KH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA. Mediastinal Mature Teratoma: Imaging Features. AJR 1997;169(4):985-90
51. Yang WT, Lei KI, Metreweli C. Plain radiography and computed tomography of invasive thymomas: clinico-radiologic-pathologic correlation. Australasian Radiology 1997;41(2):118-24.
52. Graeber GM, Tamim W. Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of thymoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12(4):268-77.
53. Reeder LB. Neurogenic tumours of the mediastinum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12:261-7.
54. Wiersema MJ, Vazquez Sequeiros E, Wiersema LM. Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with endoscopic US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Radiology 2001;219:252-7.
55. Boger-Megiddo I, Apter S, Spencer J A, Ben-Yehuda D, Nof E, Libson E. Is Chest CT Sufficient for Follow-Up of Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma in Remission? AJR 2002;178(1):165-7.
56. Gagua RO, Macharashvili LI, Kuchava VO, Todua NF, Pipiia GV. Diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of intrathoracic neurogenic tumors. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2002;(10):15-7.
57. Pun YW, Moreno BR, Prieto VJ, Fernández FL. Multicenter experience of video-assisted thoracic surgery to treat mediastinal cysts and tumors. Arch Bronconeumol. 2002;38(9):410-4.
58. Lee KH, Song KS, Kwon Y, Lee I, Lee JS, Um TH. Mesenchymal tumours of the thorax- CT findings and pathological features. Clin Radiol 2003;58:934-44.
59. Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Minami M, Ohta M, Masaoka A, Matsuda H et al. Clinical Spectrum of Mediastinal Cysts. CHEST 2003;124(1):125-32.
60. Henschke CI, Lee IJ, Wu N, Farooqi A, Khan A, David Yankelevitz D et al. CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Prevalence and Incidence of Mediastinal Masses. Radiology 2006;239:58690.
61. Mohsen Sokouti, Vahid Montazeri. A Comprehensive Study of Mediastinal Goiters. Tanaffos 2010;9(1):15-20.
62. Karki S, Chalise S. Analysis of mediastinal lesions: a study of 27 cases. Journal of Pathology of Nepal 2011;1:114-7.
63. Dubashi B, Cyriac S, Tenali SG. Clinicopathological analysis and out come of primary mediastinal malignancies. A report of 91 cases from a single institute. Ann Thorac 2009;4(3):140-2.
64. Khairy G, Alsaif A. Large Retrosternal Goitre: A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma. OMG 2010;25:44.
65. Raffaelli M, Bellantone R, Princi P et al. Surgical treatment of thyroid diseases in elderly patients. American Journal of Surgery. 2010;200(4):467-72.
66. Wychulis AR, Payne WS, Clagett OT et al. Surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors: a 40 year experience. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 1971;62:379-92.
67. Cohen AJ, Thompson LN, Edwards FH et al. Primary cysts and tumors of the mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51:378-86.
2. Pugatch RD, Faling LJ, Robins AH. Computerised Tomographic diagnosis of benign mediastinal abnormalities. AJR 1980; 134: 685.
3. Redina A et al. Computerised Tomographic staging of anterior mediastinal neoplasms. Thorax 1988; 43: 441 – 45.
4. Crowe JK, Brown LR, Muhm JR. Computed Tomography of the Mediastinum. Radiology 1978;128:75-87.
5. Webb WR. Advances in computed tomography of the thorax. Radiol Clin North Am 1983;21(4):723-29.
6. Baron RL, Lee JKT, Sagel SS, Levitt RG. Computed Tomography of the abnormal thymus. Radiology 1982;142:127-34.
7. Baron RL, Levitt RG, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ. Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal widening. Radiology 1981;138:107-13.
8. Naidich DP, Webb WR, Muller NL, Zerhouni EA, Seigelmann SS. Mediastinum, Chapter 2 In: Naidich DP, Muller NL, Zerhouni EA, Webb WR, Krinsky GA (eds) Computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance of the thorax, 3rd edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 1999:38-160.
9. Armstrong R, Padley SPG. The mediastinum, Chapter 17 In: Grainger RG, Allison D, Adam A, Dixon AK (eds), Diagnostic radiology. 2001:1(4);353-76.
10. Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Galobardes J, Morán CA. Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1992;12:151-68.
11. Do YS, Im JG, Lee BH et al. CT findings in malignant tumors of thymic epithelium. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995;19:192-7.
12. Strollo DC, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Jett JR. Primary mediastinal tumors. Part I. Tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Chest 1997;112: 511-22.
13. Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A et al. Imaging of cystic masses of the mediastinum. Radio graphics 2002;22:579-93.
14. McAdams HP, Kirejczyk WM, Rosado-de-Christenson ML et al. Bronchogenic cyst: Imaging features with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2000;217:441-6.
15. Aktogu S, Yuncu G, Halilcolar H et al. Bronchogenic cysts: Clinicopathological presentation and treatment. Eur Respir J 1996;9: 2017-21.
16. Kawashima A, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Nixon MS. CT of posterior mediastinal masses. Radiographics 1991;11:1045-67.
17. Ribet ME, Cardot GR. Neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Ann Thor Surg 1994;58:1091-95.
18. Reed JC, Haller KK, Feigin OS. Neural tumors of the thorax: Subject review from the AFIP. Radiology 1978;126:9-17.
19. Waldron JA Jr, Dohring EJ, Farber LR. Primary large cell lymphomas of the mediastinum: An analysis of 20 cases. Semin Diagn Pathol 1985;2:281.
20. Panicek DM, Harty MP, Scicutella CJ, Carsky EW. Calcification in untreated mediastinal lymphoma. Radiology 1988;166:735-6.
21. Castellino RA. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: practical concepts for the diagnostic radiologist. Radiology 1991;178:315-21.
22. Nguyen BT. Computed tomography of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Seminars in Roentgenology 2001;36(4):309-24.
23. Felson B. The mediastinum, Chapter 11, In: Felson B (ed) Chest Roentgenology, Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders; 2002:389-420.
24. Fraser RS, Pare PD, Colman N, Miller NL (eds) In: Diagnosis of diseases of the chest, 4th edition, Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders; 1999:875-983.
25. Heitzmann ER. The Mediastinum: Radiologic correlations with anatomy and pathology .CV Mosby, St Louis, 1977:216-334.
26. Haaga JR, Dogra VS, Forsting M, Gilkeson RC, Ha HK, Sundaram M. CT and MRI of the whole body. 5thed. Chapter 24, Mediastinum. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:p. 974-5.
27. Benjamin SP, McCormack LJ, Effler DB. Primary tumors of the mediastinum. Chest 1972;62:297-303.
28. Gale AW, Jelihovsky T, Grant AF, Leckie BD, Nicks R. Neurogenic Tumors of the Mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 1974;17:434-43.
29. Feigin DS, Fenoglio JJ, McAllister HA, Madewell JE. Pericardial Cysts: A RadiologicPathologic Correlation and Review. Radiology 1977;125:15-20.
30. Polansky SM, Barwick KW, Ravin CE. Primary mediastinal seminoma. AJR 1979;132(1):1721.
31. Baron RL, Levitt RG, Sagel SS, Stanley RJ. Computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal widening. Radiology 1981;138:107-13.
32. Kron IL, Cantrell RW, Johns ME, Joob A, Minor G. Computerized axial tomography of the esophagus to determine the suitability for blunt esophagectomy. Ann Surg 1984;200(2):173–4.
33. Katlic MR, Wang C, Grillo HC. Substernal Goiter. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;39:391-9.
34. Brown LR, Reiman HM, Rosenow EC III, Gloviczki PM, Divertie MB. Intrathoracic lymphangioma. Mayo Clin Proc 1986;61:882–92.
35. Graeber GM, Shriver CD, Albus RA, Burton NA, Collins GJ, Lough FC et al. The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal masses. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1986;91:662-6.
36. Davis RD, Oldham HN, Sabiston DC. Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum:
37. Recent changes in clinical presentations, methods of diagnosis, management and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:229-37.
38. Rebner M, Gross BH, Robertson JM, Pennes DR, Spizarny DL, Glazer GM. CT evaluation of mediastinal masses. Computerized Radiol 1987; 11(3):103-10.
39. Chen J, Weisbrod GL, Herman SJ. Computed tomography and pathologic correlations of thymic lesion. J Thorac Imaging 1988;3:61-5.
40. Peylan-Ramu N, Haddy TB, Jones E, Horvath K, Adde MA, Magrath IT. High frequency of benign mediastinal uptake of gallium-67 after completion of chemotherapy in children with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. American Society of Clinical Oncology 1989;7(12):1800-6.
41. Kawashima A, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Nixon MS. CT of Posterior Mediastinal Masses. Radiographics 1991;11:1045-67.
42. Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Galobardes J, Morán CA. Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1992;12:151-68.
43. Im JG, Itoh H, Shim YS. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: CT findings early active disease and sequential change with antituberculous therapy. Radiology 1993;186:653-60.
44. Ribet ME, Cardot GR. Neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Ann Thor Surg 1994;58:1091-95.
45. Yim AP. Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Management of Anterior Mediastinal Masses.
46. Preliminary Experience and Results. Surgical Endoscopy 1995;9(11):1184-8.
47. Ahn JM, Lee KS, Goo JM, Song KS, Kim SJ, Im JG. Predicting the Histology of Anterior Mediastinal Masses: Comparison of Chest Radiography and CT. Journal of Thoracic Imaging 1996;11(4):265-71.
48. Sommer T, Fehske W, Holzknecht N, Smekal AV, Keller E, Lutterbey G et al. Aortic dissection: a comparative study of diagnosis with spiral CT, multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography, and MR imaging. Radiology 1996;199(2):347-52.
49. Massie RJ, Van Asperen PP, Mellis CM. A Review of Open Biopsy for Mediastinal Masses. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 1997;33(3):230-3.
50. Moeller KH, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA. Mediastinal Mature Teratoma: Imaging Features. AJR 1997;169(4):985-90
51. Yang WT, Lei KI, Metreweli C. Plain radiography and computed tomography of invasive thymomas: clinico-radiologic-pathologic correlation. Australasian Radiology 1997;41(2):118-24.
52. Graeber GM, Tamim W. Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of thymoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12(4):268-77.
53. Reeder LB. Neurogenic tumours of the mediastinum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12:261-7.
54. Wiersema MJ, Vazquez Sequeiros E, Wiersema LM. Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with endoscopic US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Radiology 2001;219:252-7.
55. Boger-Megiddo I, Apter S, Spencer J A, Ben-Yehuda D, Nof E, Libson E. Is Chest CT Sufficient for Follow-Up of Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma in Remission? AJR 2002;178(1):165-7.
56. Gagua RO, Macharashvili LI, Kuchava VO, Todua NF, Pipiia GV. Diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of intrathoracic neurogenic tumors. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2002;(10):15-7.
57. Pun YW, Moreno BR, Prieto VJ, Fernández FL. Multicenter experience of video-assisted thoracic surgery to treat mediastinal cysts and tumors. Arch Bronconeumol. 2002;38(9):410-4.
58. Lee KH, Song KS, Kwon Y, Lee I, Lee JS, Um TH. Mesenchymal tumours of the thorax- CT findings and pathological features. Clin Radiol 2003;58:934-44.
59. Takeda S, Miyoshi S, Minami M, Ohta M, Masaoka A, Matsuda H et al. Clinical Spectrum of Mediastinal Cysts. CHEST 2003;124(1):125-32.
60. Henschke CI, Lee IJ, Wu N, Farooqi A, Khan A, David Yankelevitz D et al. CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Prevalence and Incidence of Mediastinal Masses. Radiology 2006;239:58690.
61. Mohsen Sokouti, Vahid Montazeri. A Comprehensive Study of Mediastinal Goiters. Tanaffos 2010;9(1):15-20.
62. Karki S, Chalise S. Analysis of mediastinal lesions: a study of 27 cases. Journal of Pathology of Nepal 2011;1:114-7.
63. Dubashi B, Cyriac S, Tenali SG. Clinicopathological analysis and out come of primary mediastinal malignancies. A report of 91 cases from a single institute. Ann Thorac 2009;4(3):140-2.
64. Khairy G, Alsaif A. Large Retrosternal Goitre: A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma. OMG 2010;25:44.
65. Raffaelli M, Bellantone R, Princi P et al. Surgical treatment of thyroid diseases in elderly patients. American Journal of Surgery. 2010;200(4):467-72.
66. Wychulis AR, Payne WS, Clagett OT et al. Surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors: a 40 year experience. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 1971;62:379-92.
67. Cohen AJ, Thompson LN, Edwards FH et al. Primary cysts and tumors of the mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51:378-86.
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Oct 17, 2025
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DR RAVINDER KUMAR, DR MAYANK SINGHAL, & DR ANIKET PAREGHI. (2025). COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MEDIASTINAL LESIONS – A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(9), 808-812. https://doi.org/10.53555/0p3x5n55
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Author Biographies
DR RAVINDER KUMAR
SENIOR CONSULTANT RADIOLOGIST, MD RADIODIAGNOSIS, DEPTT OF RADIODIAGNOSIS, GH SECTOR 6 PANCHKULA
DR MAYANK SINGHAL
JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPTT OF RADIODIAGNOSIS, GH SECTOR 6 PANCHKULA HARYANA
DR ANIKET PAREGHI
JUNIOR RESIDENT, DEPTT OF RADIODIAGNOSIS, GH SECTOR 6 PANCHKULA HARYANA
How to Cite
DR RAVINDER KUMAR, DR MAYANK SINGHAL, & DR ANIKET PAREGHI. (2025). COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MEDIASTINAL LESIONS – A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(9), 808-812. https://doi.org/10.53555/0p3x5n55