Gender Determination Using Bicondylar Breadth in Orthopantomogram
Main Article Content
Keywords
Gender determination, Bicondylar breadth, Orthopantomogram,innovative technology, novel method
Abstract
Introduction: Identification of gender is of primary importance in forensic investigations when only fragments of the skull remain. The mandible is located inferior to the facial skeleton. It is the largest and strongest bone of the face and exhibits a high degree of sexual dimorphism.The aim of the study is to determine gender by bigonial breadth using Orthopantomogram.
Materials and methods: The present study is a retrospective quantitative analytical study. The orthopantomograms of 20 subjects of age group 30-40 years were collected. Measurement of bicondylar breadth was done using a computerised software
Results: The mean value of bicondylar breadth was noted to be higher in males with 266.60 than females with 243.20. Independent sample t-test showed p value of 0.078 which is statistically not significant (<0.05).
Conclusion: Maximum bicondylar breadth was noted more among males than females. The Bicondylar breadth has anthropometric value. It can be used in determination of gender of subjects in medico-legal cases.
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Jun;30(2):415–9.
2. Pramod J, Marya A, Sharma V. Role of forensic odontologist in post mortem person identification [Internet]. Vol. 9, Dental Research Journal. 2012. p. 522. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.104868
3. Giles E. Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of the mandible [Internet]. Vol. 22, American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
1964. p. 129–35. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330220212
4. Vodanović M, Demo Ž, Njemirovskij V, Keros J, Brkić H. Odontometrics: a useful method for sex determination in an archaeological skeletal
population? [Internet]. Vol. 34, Journal of Archaeological Science. 2007. p. 905–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.09.004
5. G V, Vinay G. Sex Determination of Human Mandible Using Metrical Parameters [Internet]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC
RESEARCH. 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/7621.3728
6. Chandra A, Singh A, Badni M, Jaiswal R, Agnihotri A. Determination of sex by radiographic analysis of mental foramen in North
Indian population. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2013 Jan;5(1):52–5.
7. Patil K, Mahima VG, Srikanth HS. Zygomatic air cell defect: A panoramic radiographic study of a south Indian population [Internet]. Vol. 20, Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging. 2010. p. 112. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.63052
8. Aldhuwayhi, Sami, Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni, Srinivasulu Sakhamuri, Amar Ashok Thakare, Sahana Mallineni, Rishitha Sajja, Mallika Sethi,
Venkatesh Nettam, and Azher Mohiuddin Mohammad. 2021. “Covid-19 Knowledge and Perceptions Among Dental Specialists: A CrossSectional Online Questionnaire Survey.” Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 14 (July): 2851–61.
9. Dua, Kamal, Ridhima Wadhwa, Gautam Singhvi, Vamshikrishna Rapalli, Shakti Dhar Shukla, Madhur D. Shastri, Gaurav Gupta, et al. 2019. “The Potential of siRNA Based Drug Delivery in Respiratory Disorders: Recent Advances and Progress.” Drug Development Research 80 (6): 714–30.
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2019. “Zingerone Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells and Prevents 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Experimental Rats.” Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 33 (10): e22387.
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Epithelial Dysplasia – A Systematic Review.” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2014.01.006.
12. Li, Zhenjiang, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Hariprasath Lakshmanan, Subramanian Kumaran, Wilson Aruni, et al. 2020. “Apoptotic Induction and Anti-Metastatic Activity of Eugenol Encapsulated Chitosan Nanopolymer on
Rat Glioma C6 Cells via Alleviating the MMP Signaling Pathway.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111773
13. Markov, Alexander, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Surendar Aravindhan, Angelina Olegovna Zekiy, Mostafa Jarahian, Max Stanley Chartrand, Yashwant Pathak, Faroogh Marofi, Somayeh Shamlou, and Ali Hassanzadeh. 2021. “Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells as a Valuable Source for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Disorders.” Stem Cell Research & Therapy 12 (1): 192.
14. Mohan, Meenakshi, and Nithya Jagannathan. 2014. “Oral Field Cancerization: An Update on Current Concepts.” Oncology Reviews 8 (1): 244.
15. Neelakantan, Prasanna, Deeksha Grotra, and Subash Sharma. 2013. “Retreatability of 2 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-Based Root Canal
Sealers: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis.” Journal of Endodontia 39 (7): 893–96.
16. Paramasivam, Arumugam, Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini, Subramanian Raghunandhakumar, and Perumal Elumalai. 2020. “A Novel COVID19 and Its Effects on Cardiovascular Disease.” Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension.
17. Sheriff, K. Ahmed Hilal, K. Ahmed Hilal Sheriff, and Archana Santhanam. 2018. “Knowledge and Awareness towards Oral Biopsy among Students of Saveetha Dental College.” Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00101.4.
18. Ponnulakshmi R, Shyamaladevi B, Vijayalakshmi P, Selvaraj J. In silico and in vivo analysis to identify the antidiabetic activity of
beta sitosterol in adipose tissue of high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic experimental rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2019 May;29(4):276–90.
19. Sundaram R, Nandhakumar E, Haseena Banu H. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating key enzymes of
carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2019Nov;29(9):644–53.
20. Alsawalha M, Rao CV, Al-Subaie AM, Haque SKM, Veeraraghavan VP, Surapaneni KM. Novel mathematical modelling of Saudi Arabian natural diatomite clay. Mater Res Express. 2019 Sep 4;6(10):105531.
21. Yu J, Li M, Zhan D, Shi C, Fang L, Ban C, et al. Inhibitory effects of triterpenoid betulin on inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide
synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in 1, 2 dimethylhydrazineinduced rat colon carcinogenesis. Pharmacogn Mag. 2020;16(72):836.
22. Shree KH, Hema Shree K, Ramani P, Herald Sherlin, Sukumaran G, Jeyaraj G, et al. Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – a Systematic Review with Meta Analysis [Internet]. Vol. 25, Pathology & Oncology Research. 2019. p. 447–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00588-2
23. Zafar A, Sherlin HJ, Jayaraj G, Ramani P, Don KR, Santhanam A. Diagnostic utility of touch imprint cytology for intraoperative assessment of
surgical margins and sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using four different cytological stains. Diagn Cytopathol. 2020 Feb;48(2):101–10.
24. Karunagaran M, Murali P, Palaniappan V, Sivapathasundharam B. Expression and distribution pattern of podoplanin in oral
submucous fibrosis with varying degrees of dysplasia – an immunohistochemical study [Internet]. Vol. 42, Journal of Histotechnology.
2019. p. 80–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2019.1594543
25. Sarode SC, Gondivkar S, Gadbail A, Sarode GS, Yuwanati M. Oral submucous fibrosis and heterogeneity in outcome measures: a critical viewpoint. Future Oncol. 2021 Jun;17(17):2123–6.
26. Raj Preeth D, Saravanan S, Shairam M, Selvakumar N, Selestin Raja I, Dhanasekaran A, et al. Bioactive Zinc(II) complex incorporated
PCL/gelatin electrospun nanofiber enhanced bone tissue regeneration. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 May 1;160:105768.
27. Prithiviraj N, Yang GE, Thangavelu L, Yan J. Anticancer Compounds From Starfish Regenerating Tissues and Their Antioxidant Properties on Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma KB Cells. In: PANCREAS. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA …; 2020. p. 155–6.
28. Phillips JL, Norman Weller R, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: Part III. Size and position on panoramic radiographs [Internet]. Vol. 18, Journal of Endodontics. 1992. p. 383–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81224-0
29. İşcan MY, Sema Kedici P. Sexual variation in bucco-lingual dimensions in Turkish dentition [Internet]. Vol. 137, Forensic Science
International. 2003. p. 160–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00349-9
30. Kieser JA. Human Adult Odontometrics [Internet]. 1990. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511983610
31. Singal K, Sharma S. Gender Determination by Mental Foramen Using Linear Measurements on Radiographs: A Study in Haryana Population [Internet]. Vol. 10, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2016. p. 44. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2016.00011.6
32. Behl A, Grewal S, Bajaj K, Baweja P, Kaur G, Kataria P. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle—Identification tool in age estimation and sex
determination: A digital panoramic radiographic study in north indian population [Internet]. Vol. 32, Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2020. p. 31. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_172_19
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Feb 13, 2023
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Saivarshine, Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan, & Abirami Arthanari. (2023). Gender Determination Using Bicondylar Breadth in Orthopantomogram. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.1007
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