ASSESSMENT OF CARDIO-RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS DURING PRE-MENSTRUAL AND POST-MENSTRUAL PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
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Keywords
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Abstract
The menstrual cycle is commonly divided into three phases: the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a variety of bodily and psychological symptoms that typically occur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS reported in the literature fall into three domains: emotional, physical, and behavioural. These symptoms include irritability, mood swings, breast tenderness, bloating, and fatigue1.
References
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2. Paula K, Braverman. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2007; 20: 3–12
3. Girija, B., & Veeraiah, S. (2011). Effect of different phases of the menstrual cycle on physical working capacity in Indian population. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 3(1), 52-59.
4. Biggs, W. S., & Demuth, R. H. (2011). Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. American Family Physician, 84(8), 918-924.
5. Yonkers, K. A., O’Brien, P. M., & Eriksson, E. (2008). Premenstrual syndrome. The Lancet, 371(9619), 1200-1210.
6. Baker, F. C., & Driver, H. S. (2007). Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle. Sleep Medicine, 8(6), 613-622.
7. Tenan, M. S., Brothers, R. M., Tweedell, A. J., & Hackney, A. C. (2014). Changes in resting heart rate variability across the menstrual cycle. Psychophysiology, 51(10), 996-1004.
8. Lebrun, C. M. (1993). Effect of the menstrual cycle on sport performance. Sports Medicine, 16(6), 400-430.
9. Wong, T., & Wong, H. (2015). Fluctuation of cardiorespiratory parameters during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(14), 1543-1550.
10. Charkoudian, N., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2016). Sex hormone effects on autonomic mechanisms of thermoregulation in humans. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 196, 75-80.
11. Steiner M, MacDougall M, Brown E. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) for clinicians. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2003;6(3):203–9.
12. Koifman, R., Dayan, L., Ablin, J.N., & Jacob, G. (2018). Cardiovascular autonomic profile in women with premenstrual syndrome. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1384.
13. Sato, S., Miyake, S., Akatsu, J., & Kumashiro, M. (1995). Autonomic nervous system activity during the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Human Ergology, 24(2), 143-153.
14. Velloso, M., Santi, S. R., Rios, L. F., & Alves, G. (2009). The influence of menstrual cycle on blood pressure responses in young women. Hypertension Research, 32(7), 662-667.
15. Baker, F.C., Colrain, I.M., & Trinder, J. (2008). Reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep in the symptomatic phase of severe premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65(1), 47-56.
16. Dabhoiwala, N., et al. (2012). Progesterone and its effects on smooth muscle relaxation and respiratory function. Journal of Endocrinology, 38(1), 112-118.
17. C. S Rajesh, Pratibha Gupta, Neelam Vaney. Status of pulmonary function tests in adolescent females of Delhi. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44 (4): 442-448.
18. Sloan, R. P., Shapiro, P. A., Bagiella, E., Boni, S. M., Paik, M., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Steinman, R. C., & Gorman, J. M. (2001). Effect of mental stress throughout the menstrual cycle: Autonomic and cardiovascular responses. Biological Psychology, 58(1), 1-14.
19. Bertin, R., Yonis, R., Denis, P., & Huynh, D. (2014). Cardiovascular responses to exercise during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Women’s Health, 23(3), 206-211.
20. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1583-7.
2. Paula K, Braverman. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2007; 20: 3–12
3. Girija, B., & Veeraiah, S. (2011). Effect of different phases of the menstrual cycle on physical working capacity in Indian population. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 3(1), 52-59.
4. Biggs, W. S., & Demuth, R. H. (2011). Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. American Family Physician, 84(8), 918-924.
5. Yonkers, K. A., O’Brien, P. M., & Eriksson, E. (2008). Premenstrual syndrome. The Lancet, 371(9619), 1200-1210.
6. Baker, F. C., & Driver, H. S. (2007). Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle. Sleep Medicine, 8(6), 613-622.
7. Tenan, M. S., Brothers, R. M., Tweedell, A. J., & Hackney, A. C. (2014). Changes in resting heart rate variability across the menstrual cycle. Psychophysiology, 51(10), 996-1004.
8. Lebrun, C. M. (1993). Effect of the menstrual cycle on sport performance. Sports Medicine, 16(6), 400-430.
9. Wong, T., & Wong, H. (2015). Fluctuation of cardiorespiratory parameters during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(14), 1543-1550.
10. Charkoudian, N., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2016). Sex hormone effects on autonomic mechanisms of thermoregulation in humans. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 196, 75-80.
11. Steiner M, MacDougall M, Brown E. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) for clinicians. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2003;6(3):203–9.
12. Koifman, R., Dayan, L., Ablin, J.N., & Jacob, G. (2018). Cardiovascular autonomic profile in women with premenstrual syndrome. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1384.
13. Sato, S., Miyake, S., Akatsu, J., & Kumashiro, M. (1995). Autonomic nervous system activity during the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Human Ergology, 24(2), 143-153.
14. Velloso, M., Santi, S. R., Rios, L. F., & Alves, G. (2009). The influence of menstrual cycle on blood pressure responses in young women. Hypertension Research, 32(7), 662-667.
15. Baker, F.C., Colrain, I.M., & Trinder, J. (2008). Reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep in the symptomatic phase of severe premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65(1), 47-56.
16. Dabhoiwala, N., et al. (2012). Progesterone and its effects on smooth muscle relaxation and respiratory function. Journal of Endocrinology, 38(1), 112-118.
17. C. S Rajesh, Pratibha Gupta, Neelam Vaney. Status of pulmonary function tests in adolescent females of Delhi. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44 (4): 442-448.
18. Sloan, R. P., Shapiro, P. A., Bagiella, E., Boni, S. M., Paik, M., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Steinman, R. C., & Gorman, J. M. (2001). Effect of mental stress throughout the menstrual cycle: Autonomic and cardiovascular responses. Biological Psychology, 58(1), 1-14.
19. Bertin, R., Yonis, R., Denis, P., & Huynh, D. (2014). Cardiovascular responses to exercise during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Women’s Health, 23(3), 206-211.
20. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1583-7.
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Aug 23, 2025
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How to Cite
T Dinesh, K Chandrakala, M Thirumaran, & V Hema. (2025). ASSESSMENT OF CARDIO-RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS DURING PRE-MENSTRUAL AND POST-MENSTRUAL PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 957-961. https://doi.org/10.53555/93sx0y55
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Author Biographies
T Dinesh
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Nagapattinam,
K Chandrakala
Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, Vinayaka Missions Medical College, Karaikal
M Thirumaran
Professor &Head, Department of Physiology, Vinayaka Missions Medical College, Karaikal
V Hema
Final MBBS, Government Thiruvarur Medical College
How to Cite
T Dinesh, K Chandrakala, M Thirumaran, & V Hema. (2025). ASSESSMENT OF CARDIO-RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS DURING PRE-MENSTRUAL AND POST-MENSTRUAL PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 957-961. https://doi.org/10.53555/93sx0y55