THE BLEEDING TRUTH: A TISSUE-LEVEL STUDY OF UTEROCERVICAL PATHOLOGIES IN WOMEN ACROSS DEMOGRAPHICS
Main Article Content
Keywords
AUB, socio economicstatus, endometrium, cervix, Kuppuswamy scale
Abstract
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) represents a complex and widespread gynecological concern that spans all reproductive age groups. Characterized by deviations in the volume, duration, or frequency of menstrual bleeding, AUB not only disrupts physiological rhythms but also impairs social, emotional, and occupational well-being. Accounting for approximately 30% of gynecological outpatient consultations, it remains one of the leading clinical presentations prompting medical evaluation and is frequently associated with the need for surgical management.
The 2011 FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) has brought much-needed clarity to the diagnosis and categorization of AUB, distinguishing between structural (PALM) and non-structural (COEIN) causes. Structural causes include polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyomas, and malignancies, while hormonal imbalances, coagulopathies, and iatrogenic factors make up the non-structural group.
AUB in perimenopausal women often signals underlying pathologies like fibroids, hyperplasia, or even malignancy. Histopathological evaluation—particularly endometrial biopsy—remains a cornerstone in diagnosing these conditions, guiding appropriate and timely management.
This study explores the histological spectrum of uterocervical lesions in women with AUB and examines the influence of sociodemographic factors on these presentations.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over eighteen months in the Pathology Department of a Kolkata medical college, evaluating ninety-three symptomatic individuals with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Following ethical approval, data on demographics, clinical history, and investigations were collected. The study included women over 18 with AUB, while excluding those with ovarian, endocrine issues, or coagulopathies. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Kuppuswamy scale, which considers education, occupation, and income to classify individuals into socioeconomic classes.
Result & Conclusion:
This study examined endometrial and cervical pathologies linked to abnormal uterine and cervical bleeding. Key findings show that most participants were in the 35-40years age group with a varied socioeconomic status varied. Most had unremarkable findings. Endometrial thickness was mostly between 5-10 mm, and with fibroids as common findings.
Histopathology showed simple hyperplastic endometrium as the commonest findings in the endometrial biopsy.
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Dr. Dibyendu Patra
Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata – 700032.
Dr. Papiya Majumdar
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata – 700032.
Dr. Sujata Mallick
Professor, Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata – 700032
Dr. Ranu Sarkar
Head & Professor Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata – 700032.