THE ASSOCIATION OF TOTAL SLEEP DURATION ON HYPERTENSION RISK IN PAKISTAN: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.
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Keywords
Abstract
Lack of sleep has been associated with negative cardiovascular events, such as high blood pressure. But evidence in South Asian population is limited. Objective: This prospective study aimed to assess the relationship between total sleep duration and the development of hypertension in adults aged 40-70 years. Study place and duration The study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2024 in rural areas of sindh. Methodology The study include adults (697) who didn't have hypertension initially. Researchers tracked who developed hypertension over time and categorized participants based on their reported sleep duration: less than 6 hours, 6-7.9 hours, 8-9.9 hours, or 10 hours or more. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 70 participants (9.6%) were diagnosed as hypertension at follow-up.Sleeping <6h versus the reference group was associated with significantly higher risk of hypertension (adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.89; P<0.05). A significant association was not observed for longer sleep lengths. Conclusions: Short sleep was independently related to risk of incident hypertension. These results suggested sleep duration may be an indicator of cardiovascular risk discussing the importance of sleep hygiene to prevent hypertension
References
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35. Lu K, Chen J, Wu S, Chen J, Hu D. Interaction of sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension prevalence in adult Chinese males. J Epidemiol. 2017;25:415–22.
36. Bansil P, Kuklina EV, Merritt RK, Yoon PW. Associations between sleep disorders, sleep duration, quality of sleep, and hypertension: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2008. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:739–43.
37. Hall MH, Muldoon MF, Jennings JR, et al. Self-reported sleep duration is associated with the metabolic syndrome in midlife adults. Sleep. 2018;31:635–43.
38. Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women. Sleep. 2014;27:440–4.
39. Fang J, Wheaton AG, Keenan NL, et al. Association of sleep duration and hypertension among US adults varies by age and sex. Am J Hypertens. 2021;25:335–41.
40. Kim SJ, Lee SK, Kim SH, et al. Genetic association of short sleep duration with hypertension incidence—a 6-year follow-up in the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Circ J. 2022;76:907–13.
41. Lockley SW, Skene DJ, Arendt J. Comparison between subjective and actigraphic measurement of sleep and sleep rhythms. J Sleep Res. 1999;8:175–83.
42. Mezick EJ, Hall M, Matthews KA. Are sleep and depression independent or overlapping risk factors for cardiometabolic disease? Sleep Med Rev. 2021;15:51–63.
43. Foral P, Knezevich J, Dewan N, Malesker M. Medication-induced sleep disturbances. Consult Pharm. 2021; 26:414–25.
2. Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, Rodgers A. Global burden of blood pressure-related disease, 2021. Lancet. 2008; 371:1513–8.
3. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, et al. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2020; 321:412–9.
4. Lago RM, Singh PP, Nesto RW. Diabetes and hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 3:667.
5. Harrison W, Marshall T. The epidemiology of blood pressure in East Asia. J Hum Hyper tens. 2016; 20:97–9.
6. Kim HC, Oh SM. Noncommunicable diseases: current status of major modifiable risk factors in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health. 2023; 46:165–72.
7. Patel SR, Hu FB. Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018; 16:643–53.
8. Yaggi HK, Araujo AB, McKinlay JB. Sleep duration as a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016; 29:657–61.
9. Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Cappuccio FP, et al. A prospective study of change in sleep duration: associations with mortality in the Whitehall II cohort. Sleep. 2017; 30:1659–66.
10. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32:1484–92.
11. Kim JY, Yadav D, Ahn SV, et al. A prospective study of total sleep duration and incident metabolic syndrome: the ARIRANG study. Sleep Med. 2015; 16:1511–5.
12. McEwen BS. Sleep deprivation as a neurobiologic and physiologic stressor: allostasis and allostatic load. Metabolism. 2016; 55 Suppl 2:S20–3.
13. Lusardi P, Mugellini A, Preti P, Zoppi A, Derosa G, Fogari R. Effects of a restricted sleep regimen on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 2016;9:503–5.
14. Lusardi P, Zoppi A, Preti P, Pesce RM, Piazza E, Fogari R. Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a 24-h study. Am J Hypertens. 2019;12:63–8.
15. Kim J, Jo I. Age-dependent association between sleep duration and hypertension in the adult Korean population. Am J Hypertens. 2020;23:1286–91.
16. Gottlieb DJ, Redline S, Nieto FJ, et al. Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep. 2016;29:1009–14.
17. Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, et al. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension. 2016;47:833–9.
18. Guo X, Zheng L, Wang J, et al. Epidemiological evidence for the link between sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2023;14:324–32.
19. Song Q, Liu X, Wang X, Wu S. Age- and gender-specific associations between sleep duration and incident hypertension in a Chinese population: the Kailuan study. J Hum Hypertens. 2016;30:503–7.
20. Wang Q, Xi B, Liu M, Zhang Y, Fu M. Short sleep duration is associated with hypertension risk among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:1012–8.
21. Lopez-Garcia E, Faubel R, Guallar-Castillon P, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and hypertension in older Spanish adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;57:663–8.
22. Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Rathouz PJ, et al. Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: the CARDIA sleep study. Arch Intern Med. 2019;169:1055–61.
23. Kim JY, Ahn SV, Yoon JH, et al. Prospective study of serum adiponectin and incident metabolic syndrome: the ARIRANG study. Diabetes Care. 2018;36:1547–53.
24. Yadav D, Lee ES, Kim HM, et al. Prospective study of serum uric acid levels and incident metabolic syndrome in a Korean rural cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241:271–7.
25. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 2020;28:412–9.
26. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2021;311:507–20.
27. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep. 2019;32:491–7.
28. Meng L, Zheng Y, Hui R. The relationship of sleep duration and insomnia to risk of hypertension incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hypertens Res. 2022;36:985–95.
29. Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet. 2019;354:1435–9.
30. Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2014;141:846–50.
31. Sauvet F, Leftheriotis G, Gomez-Merino D, et al. Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (2022). 2010;108:68–75.
32. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 2023;28:193–213.
33. Kara B, Tenekeci EG. Sleep quality and associated factors in older Turkish adults with hypertension: a pilot study. J Transcult Nurs. 2016. doi:10.1177/1043659615623330.
34. Liu RQ, Qian Z, Trevathan E, et al. Poor sleep quality associated with high risk of hypertension and elevated blood pressure in China: results from a large population-based study. Hypertens Res. 2016;39:54–9.
35. Lu K, Chen J, Wu S, Chen J, Hu D. Interaction of sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension prevalence in adult Chinese males. J Epidemiol. 2017;25:415–22.
36. Bansil P, Kuklina EV, Merritt RK, Yoon PW. Associations between sleep disorders, sleep duration, quality of sleep, and hypertension: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2008. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:739–43.
37. Hall MH, Muldoon MF, Jennings JR, et al. Self-reported sleep duration is associated with the metabolic syndrome in midlife adults. Sleep. 2018;31:635–43.
38. Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women. Sleep. 2014;27:440–4.
39. Fang J, Wheaton AG, Keenan NL, et al. Association of sleep duration and hypertension among US adults varies by age and sex. Am J Hypertens. 2021;25:335–41.
40. Kim SJ, Lee SK, Kim SH, et al. Genetic association of short sleep duration with hypertension incidence—a 6-year follow-up in the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Circ J. 2022;76:907–13.
41. Lockley SW, Skene DJ, Arendt J. Comparison between subjective and actigraphic measurement of sleep and sleep rhythms. J Sleep Res. 1999;8:175–83.
42. Mezick EJ, Hall M, Matthews KA. Are sleep and depression independent or overlapping risk factors for cardiometabolic disease? Sleep Med Rev. 2021;15:51–63.
43. Foral P, Knezevich J, Dewan N, Malesker M. Medication-induced sleep disturbances. Consult Pharm. 2021; 26:414–25.
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Published
Dec 18, 2024
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Jetha Yogal Kumar, Shafein Jatoi, Muhammad Aijaz, FNU Hina, Beenish Jamali, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Wassam, Ali Boricha, Raziullah Riaz, Pirah siyal, & Sonia Khan. (2024). THE ASSOCIATION OF TOTAL SLEEP DURATION ON HYPERTENSION RISK IN PAKISTAN: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 2591-2599. https://doi.org/10.53555/3t57pt86
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Author Biographies
Jetha Yogal Kumar, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
House Officer,
Sonia Khan, Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
How to Cite
Jetha Yogal Kumar, Shafein Jatoi, Muhammad Aijaz, FNU Hina, Beenish Jamali, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Wassam, Ali Boricha, Raziullah Riaz, Pirah siyal, & Sonia Khan. (2024). THE ASSOCIATION OF TOTAL SLEEP DURATION ON HYPERTENSION RISK IN PAKISTAN: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 2591-2599. https://doi.org/10.53555/3t57pt86