THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM-UP EXERCISES ON LEG STRENGTH IN MALE TAEKWONDO ATHLETES
Main Article Content
Keywords
......
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Physical strength, speed, agility, technical and tactical abilities, and neuromuscular processes all play a role in taekwondo performance. Slightly higher-intensity exercises may be followed by various static or dynamic stretching to boost neural transmission speed, prepare muscles for loads, and encourage joint mobility after the warm-up program. Several warm-up exercises assess the leg strength of male Taekwondo competitors.
Materials &Methods: There were 30 participants in the study. Those who didn't meet the inclusion or exclusion criteria were removed from consideration. Everyone who participated in the research had to sign a written consent form that explained the study's purpose, risks and benefits. As a pre-test, the subjects completed 1 rep max strength test. Post data was also collected using the 1 RM teams test after warm-up exercises. The warm-up exercises included walking Lunge, Lateral and forward leg swing, Kneeling thoracic twist, Brisk walk and Glute bridge abductors.
Results: The result of the study on Taekwondo males subjects has shown significant changes in the 1 RM scores as Pre score was 30.00±1.54 which after the session of warm-up workout changes in post results as 45.00±1. 722.The p-value of paired t-test was P<0.05 which shows that a significant difference was seen the subjects so the Alternative Hypothesis for the study is accepted.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, we demonstrate that warmup exercise had substantial impacts on the individuals, which have significantly boosted their leg strength. More research has to be done on the subjects of various games in order to better understand their impact in various settings.
References
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16. Lima CD, Brown LE, Ruas C v., Behm DG. Effects of Static Versus Ballistic Stretching on Hamstring: Quadriceps Strength Ratio and Jump Performance in Ballet Dancers and Resistance Trained Women. J Dance Med Sci. 2018;22(3):160–7. DOI: 10.12678/1089-313X.22.3.160 https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30139422
17. Takeuchi K, Nakamura M. The optimal duration of high-intensity static stretching in hamstrings. PLoS ONE. 2020 Oct 1;15(10 October). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240181 https://journals.plos.org /plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240181
18. Torres Monteiro Melo L, dos Santos Vasconcelos R, Maria Santiago Andrade Teles L, Mota Porto L, Almeida Maia J, Paula Vasconcellos Abdon A. Evaluation of Passive Stretching in the Hamstrings Flexibility of Who Practice Exercises. International Journal of Sports Science. 2014 Apr 1;4(2):67–71. DOI:10.5923/j.sports.20140402.05 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 272862359
19. Halbertsma JPK, Göeken LNH, Hof AL, Groothoff JW, Eisma WH. Extensibility and stiffness of the hamstrings in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001;82(2):232–8. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.19786 https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/11239316/
20. Halbertsma JPK, Göeken LNH, Hof AL, Groothoff JW, Eisma WH. Extensibility and stiffness of the hamstrings in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001;82(2):232–8. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.19786 https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S000399930116613X
21. Ke-Tien Y. Training Periodization in Lower Limb Performance and Neuromuscular Controlling in taekwondo athletes [Internet]. Vol. 9, Life Science Journal. 2012. DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00936-z http://www.lifesciencesite.com
22. Alp M, Çatlkka, Kurt C. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on lower extremity isokinetic strength in taekwondo athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2018;26(4):307–11. DOI:10.3233/IES-183159 https://content.iospress.com/articles/isokinetics-and-exercise-science/ies183159
23. Heller J, Perič T, Dlouhá R, Kohlíková E, Melichna J, Nováková H. Physiological profiles of male and female taekwon-do (ITF) black belts. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1998 Apr;16(3):243–9. DOI: 10.1080/026404198366768 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13688530
24. Singh A, Boyat AK, Sandhu JS. Effect of a 6-Week Plyometric Training Program on Agility, Vertical Jump Height and Peak Torque Ratio of Indian Taekwondo Players. Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal. 2015 Jul 20;1(2):42–6. DOI:10.17140/SEMOJ-1-107 https://www.academia.edu/82581772
25. Ball N, Nolan E, Wheeler K. Anthropometrical physiological and tracked power profile of elite Taekwondo athletes 9 weeks before the Olympic competition phase. DOI: 10.1519/JSC. 0b013e31820d9f3f https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/10000
26. Chiodo S, Tessitore A, Cortis C, Lupo C, Ammendolia A, Iona T, et al. Effects of official Taekwondo competitions on all-out performances of elite athletes. DOI: 10.1519/JSC. 0b013e3182027288 https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/02000
27. Alp M, Gorur B. Comparison of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power Performance of Taekwondo and Karate Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2020 Jan 6;9(1):149. DOI:10.5539/jel.v9n1p149 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1241017
28. Aksoy D. Effects of 10-Week Whole Body Vibration Training on Strength, Flexibility and Agility in Taekwondo Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2019 Mar 6;8(2):213. DOI:10.5539/jel.v8n2p213 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1241066
29. Daneshjoo A, Mokhtar AH, Rahnama N, Yusof A. The Effects of Comprehensive Warm-Up Programs on Proprioception, Static and Dynamic Balance on Male Soccer Players. Plos one. 2012 Dec 12;7(12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051568 https://scite.ai/reports/the-effects-of-comprehensive-warm-up-Wm3lk5
30. Gaitanos GC, Williams C, Boobis LH, Brooks S. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.712 https://journals.physiology.org /doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.712
31. Cetin C, Keçeci AD, Erdòan A, Baydar ML. Influence of custom-made mouth guards on strength, speed and anaerobic performance of taekwondo athletes. 2009;25(3):272–6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00780.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26653090
32. Seo MW, Jung HC, Song JK, Kim HB. Effect of 8 weeks of pre-season training on body composition, physical fitness, anaerobic capacity, and isokinetic muscle strength in male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2015 Apr 24;11(2):101–7. DOI: 10.12965/jer.150196 https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/4415748
33. Chua MT, Chow KM, Lum D, Tay AWH, Goh WX, Ihsan M, et al. Effectiveness of on-court resistive warm-ups on change of direction speed and smash velocity during a simulated badminton match play in well-trained players. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021 Dec 1;6(4). DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040081 https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/4/81
34. Moir GL, Mergy D, Witmer CA, Davis SE. The acute effects of manipulating volume and load of back squats on countermovement vertical jump performance. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b01 3e3181da8597 https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/06000
2. Bustos A, Metral G, Cronin J, Uthoff A, Dolcetti J. Effects of Warming Up With Lower-Body Wearable Resistance on Physical Performance Measures in Soccer Players Over an 8-Week Training Cycle. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May 1;34(5):1220–6. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.00000000 00003498 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339792637
3. Barroso R, Tricoli V, Santos Gil S dos, Ugrinowitsch C, Roschel H. Maximal Strength, Number of Repetitions, and Total Volume Are Differently Affected by Static-, Ballistic-, and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research [Internet]. 2012 Sep;26(9):2432–7. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823f2b4d https://journals.lww.com/00124278-201209000-00017
4. Derbachew A. Static, Ballistic and PNF stretching exercise effects on flexibility among Arba Minch football players. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS [Internet]. 2019;24(3). DOI: 10.1111/sms.12725www.iosrjournals.org87
5. Shaha DrS, UR DrS, S DrS, KrishnareddyDrP, SalekarDrB. Comparing the effect of static, ballistic and contract-relax stretching on hamstring muscles flexibility in young individuals. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health. 2021;8(1):09–15. DOI:10.22271/kheljournal.2021.v8.i1a.1942 https://www.academia.edu/75272075
6. Geuze RH. Static balance and developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science. 2003;22(4–5):527–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2003.09.008 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /14624832/#
7. Torres J, Conceição M, de Oliveira Sampaio A, Dantas E. Acute effects of static stretching on muscle strength. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2009;1(2009):52–5. DOI:10.2478/v10101-009-0013-y https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10101-009-0013-y
8. Badau D, Badau A, Manolache G, Ene MI, Neofit A, Grosu VT, et al. The motor impact of the static balance in the up plank position on three different balls in physical activities of physical education students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(4):1–14. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18042043 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC 7922917//
9. Leinonen V, Kankaanpää M, Airaksinen O, Hänninen O. Back and hip extensor activities during trunk flexion/extension: Effects of low back pain and rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation [Internet]. 2000 Jan;81(1):32–7. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90218-1 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003999300902181
10. Mcrae G, Payne A, Zelt JGE, Scribbans TD, Jung ME, Little JP, et al. Extremely low volume, whole-body aerobic- resistance training improves aerobic fitness and muscular endurance in females. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 2012 Dec;37(6):1124–31. DOI: 10.1139/h2012-093 https://europepmc.org/article/MED/22994393
11. Myers TR, Schneider MG, Schmale MS, Hazell TJ. Whole body aerobic resistance training circuit improves aerobic fitness and muscle strength in sedentary young females. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000790 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269281762
12. Bridge CA, Ferreira Da Silva Santos J, Chaabène H, Pieter W, Franchini E. Physical and physiological profiles of Taekwondo athletes. Vol. 44, Sports Medicine. Adis International Ltd; 2014. p. 713–33. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0159-9 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 260253245
13. Rocha F, Louro H, Matias R, Costa A. Anaerobic fitness assessment in taekwondo athletes. A new perspective. Vol. 12, Motricidade. EdicoesDesafio Singular; 2016. p. 127–39. DOI:10.6063/motricidade.8954 https://www.semanticscholar.org
14. de la Fuente A, Gómez-Landero Rodríguez LA. Motor differences in cadet taekwondo athletes according to competition level. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la ActividadFisica y del Deporte. 2019 Mar 1;19(73):63–75. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207606 https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/twm/Record/4055076
15. Buśko K, Nikolaidis PT. Biomechanical characteristics of Taekwondo athletes: Kicks and punches vs. Laboratory tests. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2018 Jan 1;10(1):81–8. DOI:10.1515/bhk-2018-0013 https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.1515/bhk-2018-0013
16. Lima CD, Brown LE, Ruas C v., Behm DG. Effects of Static Versus Ballistic Stretching on Hamstring: Quadriceps Strength Ratio and Jump Performance in Ballet Dancers and Resistance Trained Women. J Dance Med Sci. 2018;22(3):160–7. DOI: 10.12678/1089-313X.22.3.160 https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30139422
17. Takeuchi K, Nakamura M. The optimal duration of high-intensity static stretching in hamstrings. PLoS ONE. 2020 Oct 1;15(10 October). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240181 https://journals.plos.org /plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240181
18. Torres Monteiro Melo L, dos Santos Vasconcelos R, Maria Santiago Andrade Teles L, Mota Porto L, Almeida Maia J, Paula Vasconcellos Abdon A. Evaluation of Passive Stretching in the Hamstrings Flexibility of Who Practice Exercises. International Journal of Sports Science. 2014 Apr 1;4(2):67–71. DOI:10.5923/j.sports.20140402.05 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 272862359
19. Halbertsma JPK, Göeken LNH, Hof AL, Groothoff JW, Eisma WH. Extensibility and stiffness of the hamstrings in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001;82(2):232–8. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.19786 https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/11239316/
20. Halbertsma JPK, Göeken LNH, Hof AL, Groothoff JW, Eisma WH. Extensibility and stiffness of the hamstrings in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001;82(2):232–8. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.19786 https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S000399930116613X
21. Ke-Tien Y. Training Periodization in Lower Limb Performance and Neuromuscular Controlling in taekwondo athletes [Internet]. Vol. 9, Life Science Journal. 2012. DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00936-z http://www.lifesciencesite.com
22. Alp M, Çatlkka, Kurt C. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on lower extremity isokinetic strength in taekwondo athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2018;26(4):307–11. DOI:10.3233/IES-183159 https://content.iospress.com/articles/isokinetics-and-exercise-science/ies183159
23. Heller J, Perič T, Dlouhá R, Kohlíková E, Melichna J, Nováková H. Physiological profiles of male and female taekwon-do (ITF) black belts. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1998 Apr;16(3):243–9. DOI: 10.1080/026404198366768 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13688530
24. Singh A, Boyat AK, Sandhu JS. Effect of a 6-Week Plyometric Training Program on Agility, Vertical Jump Height and Peak Torque Ratio of Indian Taekwondo Players. Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal. 2015 Jul 20;1(2):42–6. DOI:10.17140/SEMOJ-1-107 https://www.academia.edu/82581772
25. Ball N, Nolan E, Wheeler K. Anthropometrical physiological and tracked power profile of elite Taekwondo athletes 9 weeks before the Olympic competition phase. DOI: 10.1519/JSC. 0b013e31820d9f3f https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/10000
26. Chiodo S, Tessitore A, Cortis C, Lupo C, Ammendolia A, Iona T, et al. Effects of official Taekwondo competitions on all-out performances of elite athletes. DOI: 10.1519/JSC. 0b013e3182027288 https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/02000
27. Alp M, Gorur B. Comparison of Explosive Strength and Anaerobic Power Performance of Taekwondo and Karate Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2020 Jan 6;9(1):149. DOI:10.5539/jel.v9n1p149 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1241017
28. Aksoy D. Effects of 10-Week Whole Body Vibration Training on Strength, Flexibility and Agility in Taekwondo Athletes. Journal of Education and Learning. 2019 Mar 6;8(2):213. DOI:10.5539/jel.v8n2p213 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1241066
29. Daneshjoo A, Mokhtar AH, Rahnama N, Yusof A. The Effects of Comprehensive Warm-Up Programs on Proprioception, Static and Dynamic Balance on Male Soccer Players. Plos one. 2012 Dec 12;7(12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051568 https://scite.ai/reports/the-effects-of-comprehensive-warm-up-Wm3lk5
30. Gaitanos GC, Williams C, Boobis LH, Brooks S. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.712 https://journals.physiology.org /doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.712
31. Cetin C, Keçeci AD, Erdòan A, Baydar ML. Influence of custom-made mouth guards on strength, speed and anaerobic performance of taekwondo athletes. 2009;25(3):272–6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00780.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26653090
32. Seo MW, Jung HC, Song JK, Kim HB. Effect of 8 weeks of pre-season training on body composition, physical fitness, anaerobic capacity, and isokinetic muscle strength in male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2015 Apr 24;11(2):101–7. DOI: 10.12965/jer.150196 https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/4415748
33. Chua MT, Chow KM, Lum D, Tay AWH, Goh WX, Ihsan M, et al. Effectiveness of on-court resistive warm-ups on change of direction speed and smash velocity during a simulated badminton match play in well-trained players. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021 Dec 1;6(4). DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040081 https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/4/81
34. Moir GL, Mergy D, Witmer CA, Davis SE. The acute effects of manipulating volume and load of back squats on countermovement vertical jump performance. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b01 3e3181da8597 https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/06000
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Aug 14, 2025
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Harikewal sharma, Dr. Narendra, Dr. Yash Pratap, Dr Vikas Sharma, & Dr Neeraj Kumar. (2025). THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM-UP EXERCISES ON LEG STRENGTH IN MALE TAEKWONDO ATHLETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 583-590. https://doi.org/10.53555/575bjm97
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Author Biographies
Harikewal sharma
Bachelor of physiotherapy, Galgotias university
Dr. Narendra
Assistant professor, Galgotias university
Dr. Yash Pratap
Professor, Galgotias university,
Dr Vikas Sharma
Associate professor, Galgotias university
Dr Neeraj Kumar
Assistant professor, Galgotias university
How to Cite
Harikewal sharma, Dr. Narendra, Dr. Yash Pratap, Dr Vikas Sharma, & Dr Neeraj Kumar. (2025). THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM-UP EXERCISES ON LEG STRENGTH IN MALE TAEKWONDO ATHLETES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 583-590. https://doi.org/10.53555/575bjm97