IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY HABITS ON MALNUTRITION IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL ISSUES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Elderly, malnutrition, gastrointestinal issues, lifestyle, smoking, dietary habits, sleep
Abstract
This study investigated the nutritional status of elderly individuals with gastrointestinal issues who had a long history of eating commercially prepared meals or outside foods. Using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool and dietary history with 150 elderly individuals aged 60-75 years with GI symptoms such as malabsorption and maldigestion. It has been found that there is a high prevalence of malnutrition (76.7%), with 62.7% moderately malnourished and 14% severely malnourished. Risk factors such as irregular sleep patterns, which tripled (3.2-fold higher odds) the risk of malnutrition (OR=3.2, p=0.002), irregular meal timing (OR=2.5, p=0.006), and smoking (OR=2.1, p=0.012). The findings highlight that malnutrition persists in older age with disturbed sleep and meal pattern along with smoking habit when there is a significant history of eating outside foods frequently at young age. These are mostly modifiable lifestyle and dietary factors and can be improved with proper guidance and support. Further research is required to explore the relationships in depth with a larger sample and with in-depth techniques.
References
2. Kapur, A. (2023). Improving the well-being of India’s elderly: Health, nutrition, and policy insights. Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/
3. Pattanaik, S., Panda, M., & Tripathy, R. M. (2023). Impact of oral health on nutritional status among elderly in urban India: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research, 12(2), 1011.
4. Smith, A., Johnson, B., & Lee, C. (2024). Lifelong dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies in older adults: A 30-year cohort study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(3), 456-468. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqae032
5. Chatterjee, S., Bera, N., & Chowdhury, S. (2023). Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among elderly in rural West Bengal: A community-based study. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04532-7
6. Borah, M., Saikia, H., & Saikia, B. (2023). Dietary diversity and nutritional status among elderly in Assam: A cross-sectional study. National Journal of Community Medicine, 14(5), 315–320.
7. Valdes, A. M., Walter, J., Segal, E., & Spector, T. D. (2018). Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. BMJ, 361, k2179. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2179
8. Patel, R., Sharma, A., & Banerjee, P. (2023). Association between regular consumption of commercially prepared meals and micronutrient deficiencies in urban Indian adults: A community-based cross-sectional study. *Public Health Nutrition, 26*(8), 1563–1572. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898002300045X
9. Tanaka, K., Chen, L., & Wong, M. (2024). Association between frequent consumption of externally prepared meals and nutritional risk in community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study. *The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 28*(3), 412-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-024-2054-3
10. Kim, S., Park, K., & Lee, J. (2024). Association between frequency of eating away-from-home meals and risk of metabolic syndrome: A nationwide cohort study. *Nutrition Journal*, *23*(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00945-1
11. International Journal of Current Research 10(11):75341-75352 DOI:10.24941/ijcr.33164.11.2018
12. Ticinesi, Andrea, Christian Milani, Fulvio Lauretani, Andrea Nouvenne, Leonardo Mancabelli, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Francesca Turroni, et al. 2017. "Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated with Polypharmacy in Elderly Hospitalized Patients." Scientific Reports 7 (1): 11102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10734-y.
13. Sun J, Fang D, Wang Z, Liu Y. Sleep Deprivation and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Current Understandings and Implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 31;24(11):9603. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119603. PMID: 37298553; PMCID: PMC10253795.
14. Lugen Zuo, Yi Li, Honggang Wang, Rong Wu, Weiming Zhu, Wei Zhang, Lei Cao, Lili Gu, Jianfeng Gong, Ning Li, Jieshou Li, Cigarette smoking is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction in the small intestine but not in the large intestine of mice, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, Volume 8, Issue 12, 1 December 2014, Pages 1710–1722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2014.08.008
15. Qamar, N., Castano, D., Patt, C., Chu, T., Cottrell, J., & Chang, S. L. (2019). Meta-analysis of alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and the resulting behavioral impact. Behavioural Brain Research, 374, 112196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112196
16. (Bjørkhaug et al., 2019).Bjørkhaug, S. T., Aanes, H., Neupane, S. P., Bramness, J. G., Malvik, S., Henriksen, C., Valeur, J. (2019). Characterization of gut microbiota composition and functions in patients with chronic alcohol overconsumption. Gut Microbes, 10(6), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2019.1580097
17. Dunphy-Doherty et al., 2018) Dunphy-Doherty F., O'Mahony S.M., Peterson V.L., O'Sullivan O., Crispie F., Cotter P.D., Wigmore P., King M.V., Cryan J.F., Fone K.C.F.F., Dunphy-Doherty F., O'Mahony S.M., Peterson V.L., O'Sullivan O., Crispie F., Cotter P.D., Wigmore P., King M.V., Cryan J.F., Fone K.C.F.F. Post-weaning social isolation of rats leads to long-term disruption of the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis. Brain Behav. Immun. 2018;68:261–273. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.024.
18. Detsky, A. S., McLaughlin, J. R., Baker, J. P., Johnston, N., Whittaker, S., Mendelson, R. A., & Jeejeebhoy, K. N. (1987). What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 11(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/014860718701100108
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Mitali Dowerah
Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Assam
Shuvjeet Gogoi
Department of Community Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam
Navneet Hazarika
Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Assam
Kandarpa Kumar Saikia
Department of Community Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam