MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
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Keywords
Hypertensive disorders, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Maternal outcomes, Fetal outcomes, Gestational hypertension.
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) ranks among the foremost contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality across the globe. These disorders encompass a continuum that ranges from gestational hypertension to more severe conditions such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. The early identification and judicious management of these conditions are paramount to enhancing outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy within a tertiary care framework.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka, Kolkata, from November 2023 to November 2024. A total of 100 women diagnosed with HDP beyond 20 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Detailed clinical assessment, investigations, and follow-up evaluations were meticulously performed. Maternal outcomes such as mode of delivery and complications, and fetal outcomes including birth weight, gestational age, NICU admission, and perinatal mortality were recorded and analyzed.
Results: The incidence of HDP among all deliveries during the study period was 6%. Gestational hypertension was the most common subtype (78%), followed by preeclampsia (10%). Primigravida women constituted 68% of the cases. Caesarean section was performed in 84% of patients, while 30% had preterm deliveries. The most common maternal complication was postpartum eclampsia (12%), and the most frequent fetal outcomes included low birth weight (28%), intrauterine growth restriction (15%), NICU admission (16%), and neonatal death (2%). A statistically significant association was found between the type of HDP and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Conclusion: HDP continues to present significant threats to maternal and neonatal health. Timely identification, appropriate antenatal care, and swift referral to specialized centers are paramount in mitigating complications. Strengthening perinatal care pathways and instituting standardized management protocols can profoundly enhance outcomes.
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All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr Sayed Ikbal
Post Graduate Trainee, ESI PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College, Joka, KolkataDr Dipanwita Bhaumik
Assistant Professor, ESI PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College, Joka, Kolkata, IndiaDr Anu Meena
Assistant Professor, ESIC Medical College, Alwar, RajasthanDr Sreelatha S
Professor & HOD, ESI PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College, Joka, Kolkata